PINE GROSBEAK. 419 
Length to end of tail 84 inches, to end of wings 64, to end of claws 
675; extent of wings 14; wing from flexure 48; tail 4; bill along the 
ridge 74, along the edge of lower mandible 7%; tarsus 9 ; first toe 4, 
its claw ,; middle toe £5, its claw 7. 
Female. Plate CCCLVITII. Fig. 2. 
The female is scarcely inferior to the male in size. The bill is 
dusky, the feet as in the male. The upper part of the head and hind 
neck are yellowish-brown, each feather with a central dusky streak : 
the rump brownish-yellow ; the rest of the upper parts light brownish- 
grey. Wings and tail as in the male, the white edgings and the tips 
tinged with grey; the cheeks and throat greyish-white or yellowish ; 
the fore part and sides of the neck, the breast, sides, and abdomen ash- 
grey, as are the lower tail-coverts. 
Length to end of tail 8} inches, to end of wings 6}, to end of claws 
62; extent of wings 133; wing from flexure 44; tail 343; tarsus #4 ; 
middle toe and claw 1,4. 
Young fully fledged. Plate CCCLVIII. Fig. 3. 
The young, when in full plumage, resemble the female, but are 
more tinged with brown. 
An adult male from Boston examined. The roof of the mouth is 
moderately concave, its anterior horny part with five prominent ridges ; 
the lower mandible deeply concave. Tongue 43 twelfths long, firm, 
deflected at the middle, deeper than broad, papillate at the base, with 
amedian groove; for the distal half of its length, it is cased with a 
firm horny substance, and is then of an oblong shape, when viewed 
from above, deeply concave, with two flattened prominences at the 
base, the point rounded and thin, the back or lower surface convex. 
This remarkable structure of the tongue appears to be intended for the 
purpose of enabling the bird, when it has insinuated its bill between 
the scales of a strobilus, to lay hold of the seed by pressing it against 
the roof of the mandible. In the Crossbills, the tongue is nearly of the 
same form, but more slender, and these birds feed in the same manner, 
in so far as regards the prehension of the food. In the present species, 
the tongue is much strengthened by the peculiar form of the basi-hyoid 
bone, to which there is appended as it were above a thin longitudinal 
