420 PINE GROSBEAK. 
crest, giving it great firmness in the perpendicular movements of the 
organ. The cesophagus a bc d, Fig. 1. is two inches 11 twelfths long, 
dilated on the middle of the neck so as to form a kind of elongated 
dimidiate crop, 4 twelfths of an inch in diameter, projecting to the 
right side, and with the trachea passing along that side of the verte- 
bre. The proventriculus c, is 8 twelfths long, somewhat bulbiform, 
with numerous oblong glandules, its greatest diameter 43 twelfths. A 
very curious peculiarity of the stomach ¢, is, that in place of having its 
axis continuous with that of the cesophagus or proventriculus, it bends 
to the right nearly at a right angle. It is a very powerful gizzard, 84 
twelfths long, 8 twelfths broad, with its lateral muscles | inch thick, 
the lower very distinct, the epithelium longitudinally rugous, of a light 
Fig. 1. Fig. 2. 
reddish colour, The duodenum, /, g, first curves backward to the = 
length of 14 inch, then folds in the usual manner, passing behind the 
right lobe of the liver ; the intestine then passes upwards and to the — 
left, curves along the left side, crosses to the right, forms about ten 
