440 WINTER WREN. 
Female. Plate CCCLX. Fig. 2. 
The Female is somewhat smaller than the male. 
Length to end of tail 33 inches, to end of wings 3, to end of claws 
42; extent of wings 53; wing from flexure 14; tail 144. Weight 4dr. 
Young in Autumn. Plate CCCLX. Fig. 3. 
The upper parts are much darker than in the adult; the lower 
parts of a deeper tint. 
Length to end of tail 33 inches, to end of wings 34, to end of claws 
42; extent of wings 53; wing from flexure 13}. 
The young bird just ready to fly, has the bill bright yellow, except- 
ing the ridge of the upper mandible, which is brown ; the feet yellow- 
ish-brown. The upper parts are reddish-brown, faintly barred with 
dusky ; the wings as in the adult, but the secondary coverts with only 
a very small dull white spot at the tip, and the first row of coverts with 
a line of the same colour along the ‘shaft. The lower parts are dull 
greyish-brown, with the terminal margin of each feather darker, and 
the sides and hind parts barred with dusky. 
On comparing numerous specimens of American and European 
birds, it is found that the proportions of the parts are nearly the same, 
and the colours generally similar. But the American birds generally 
have the lower parts more tinged with red, their general colour being 
pale reddish-brown, whereas those of the European birds are pale 
greyish-brown ; in the former the bars on the sides and hind parts are 
much darker, advance farther on the breast, and in some specimens are 
seen even on the neck ; in-the latter the bars are dusky, and never ap- 
pear on the middle of the breast, much less on the neck. In old Euro- 
pean birds, the axillars and lower wing-coverts are greyish-white, with- 
out spots ; in old American birds, even those of which the neck is un- 
barred, the axillars and lower wing-coverts are always barred with 
ausky. As to the two rows of white spots on the wings, they seem to 
be quite similar in the birds of both continents, and in those of each 
exhibit variations in form, sometimes being short and somewhat tri- 
angular, sometimes also extending along the shaft. The tarsi, toes, 
and claws are precisely similar, as are the wings, and it does not ap- 
pear that in the American bird the claws are larger, or the wings 
