460 CLARKH’S NUTCRACKER. 
CrarKe’s Crow, CoRVUS COLUMBIANUS, Wils. Amer. Ornith. vol. iii, p. 29, pl. 20, 
fig. 2. 
Corvus cotumsBianus, Ch. Bonaparte, Synopsis of Birds of United States, p. 57. 
ContumsBran Crow, Nuttall, Manual, vol. ii. p. 218. 
Adult Male. Plate CCCLXII. Fig. 4. 
Bill as long as the head, stout, somewhat conical, compressed, at 
the tip rather depressed. Upper mandible with its dorsal line slightly 
arcuato-declinate, the ridge convex, the sides rounded, the edges sharp 
and overlapping, without note, the tip flattened and obtuse ; lower 
mandible with the angle short and rounded, the dorsal line straight, 
the sides convex, the edges sharp and a little inflexed, the tip flattened, 
and rather obtuse. Nostrils basal, lateral, roundish, covered by bristly 
feathers, which are directed forwards. 
Head large, broadly ovate; eyes of moderate size; neck rather 
short; body compact. Legs of moderate length, stout; tarsus com- 
pressed, with seven large anterior scutella and two plates behind, meet- 
ing so as to form a sharp edge. ‘Toes, stout, with large scutella; the 
first toe very large, the inner a little shorter than the outer, the hind 
much longer ; the third and fourth united as far as the second joint of 
the latter. Claws large, arched, much compressed, acute. 
Plumage full, very soft and blended; the stiff bristly feathers over 
the nostrils extend about one-fifth of the length of the bill; and there 
are no distinct bristles at the base of the upper mandible ; the feathers 
on the head are very short. The wings are long, and much rounded ; the 
first quill two inches shorter than the second, which is ten-twelfths 
shorter than the third, the latter exceeded two-twelfths by the fourth, 
which is the longest ; the outer primaries being narrow, give the wing, 
when closed, the appearance of being pointed. Tail of moderate length, 
rounded, of twelve rather broad feathers, of which the lateral is half 
an inch shorter than the middle. : 
Bill and feet brownish-black. Ivis hazel. The general colour above 
and below is light brownish-grey, the forehead, throat, fore part of 
cheeks, and a space around the eye white, tinged with yellow. Wings 
black, glossed with blue ; seven of the secondaries largely tipped with 
white, upper tail-coverts greyish-black; tail pure white, excepting the 
two middle feathers and the greater part of the inner webs of the next 
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