WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL 469 
Loxia LEWvorreRra, Gel. Linn. Syst. Nat. vol. i. p. 844. 
Loxra Fatcirosrra, Lath. Ind. Ornith. vol. i. p. 371. 
WHITE-wiINGED OCrosssrux, Loxia tEucopTERA, Wils. Amer. Ornith. vol. iv. 
p. 48, pl. 41, fig. 4. Male. 
WHITE-WINGED CrossBiLL, Ch. Bonaparte, Amer. Ornith. vol. ii. pl. 14, fig. 3. 
Female. 
Loxia Leucoprera, Ch. Bonaparte, Synopsis of Birds of United States, p. 117. 
Loxia LEUCOPTERA, WHITE-WINGED CrossBiLL, Richards. and Swains. Fauna 
Bor.-Amer. vol. ii. p. 263. 
WuitE-winGEeD Crosssit, Nuttall, Manual, vol. i. p- 540. 
Adult Male. Plate CCCLXIV. Figs. 1, 2. 
Bill rather long, stout at the base, where it is higher than broad, 
extremely compressed toward the end, the mandibles towards their 
extremity deflected to opposite sides, so as to cross each other. Upper 
mandible with the dorsal line convex and deflected, the sides slightly 
convex, the edges sharp, and towards the end united, as in Rhyn- 
chops nigra, the tip excessively compressed, decuryed, and extending 
far beyond that of the other. Lower mandible with its angle very 
short and broad, the dorsal outline ascending and convex, the edges 
sharp, inflected, and approximated at the tip, which is extremely acute. 
Nostrils small, basal, round, covered by the short, bristly feathers. 
Head large, broadly ovate ; eyes small ; neck short ; body compact. 
Feet rather short, strong; tarsus short, compressed, with seven ante- 
rior scutella, and two posterior plates meeting so as to form a thin 
edge; toes of moderate size, the outer united at the base, the first 
strong, the lateral toes nearly equal, the third much longer; the pads 
and papilla of the soles very large. Claws long, arched, very slender, 
much compressed, tapering to a fine point. 
Plumage blended. Wings of ordinary length, pointed, the outer 
three primaries longest (in one specimen the first longest, in three the 
second) ; secondaries slightly emarginate. Tail of moderate length, 
deeply emarginate, the feathers curved outwards at the point. 
Bill dusky, tinged with greyish-blue, especially on the edges. Iris 
hazel. Feet dark reddish-brown. The general colour of the plumage 
is rich carmine, inclining to crimson; the feathers on the fore part 
and middle of the back dusky, excepting the tips; the scapulars, wings, 
upper tail-coverts, and tail black; two broad bands of white on the 
