474 LAPLAND LONGSPUR. 
Adult Male in Summer. Plate CCCILXV. Fig 1. 
Bill short, robust, tapering, somewhat compressed ; the upper man- 
dible nearly as large as the lowe . its dorsal outline very slightly con- 
vex, the sides rounded, the sharp edges inflected, the marginal outline 
slightly angulate ; lower mandible broader, with involute sharp edges. 
The palate with a prominent knob. Nostrils basal, round, partly con- 
cealed by the feathers. 
Head of moderate size, ovate ; eyes rather small ; neck short, body 
compact. Feet of ordinary length; tarsus compressed, anteriorly co- 
vered with seven large scutella, sharp behind ; toes of moderate size ; 
the lateral toes equal, the hind toe stuut. Claws long, slightly arched, 
laterally grooved, compressed toward the end, very acute, that of the 
hind toe much elongated. 
Plumage soft and blended, the feathers somewhat distinct on the 
back and wings. Wing long, pointed ; first quill longest, second scarcely 
shorter ; secondaries emarginate. Tail rather long, deeply emarginate. 
Bill yellow tipped with dusky; iris hazel ; feet and claws black. 
The head and fore part of the neck are black; a band of white passes 
from the base of the upper mandible over the eye, becomes broader, 
and, descending on the neck, margins the black of that part. The 
lower parts are white, the sides streaked with black. A brownish-red cre- 
scent on the hind neck ; the feathers of the upper parts black, broadly 
margined with yellowish-red; the first row of smaller wing-coverts 
margined with white, the secondary coverts tipped with the same ; the 
primary quills narrowly edged with reddish-white, the secondary with 
yellowish-red; as are the tail-feathers, of which the two outer have a 
wedge-shaped white spot at the end. 
Length to end of tail 6,5 inches ; wing from flexure 3}2 ; tail 272 ; 
bill along the ridge ;%, along the edge of lower mandible ; ; tarsus 7%; 
hind toe 7g, its claw 74; middle toe 7, its claw 7%. 
Male in winter. Plate CCCLXV. Fig. 2. 
Bill dull yellow, tipped with dusky ; feet and claws black. Upper 
part of the head black, the feathers edged with brownish-red ; the cheeks 
greyish-brown ; the throat, and fore part of the neck, greyish-white, a 
reddish-white band from the bill, over the eye, and down the side of the 
neck ; the upper parts light brownish-red with black spots. The tips 
of the first row of small coverts, and of the secondary coverts, white ; 
