44 WHITE-THROATED SPARROW. 



and "especially by our different kinds of Squirrels, all of which shew great 

 partiality to them. Its flowers, although so interesting in early spring, 

 are destitute of odour, and of short duration. The bark is used by the 

 inhabitants in decoction as a remedy for intermittent fevers, and the 

 berries are employed by the housewife for dyeing black. 



FaiNGiLLA PENNSTLVANICA, Lath. Ind. Ornith. vol. i. p. 443 — Ch. Bonaparte, 



Synopsis of Birds of the United Slates, p. 108. 

 White-throated Sparrow, Fringilla albicollis, Wils. Americ. Ornith. vol. iii. 



p. 51, PI. xxxi. fig. 5. Male. 

 White-throated Finch, Lath. Synops. vol. iii. p. 443. 



Adult Male. Plate VIII. Fig. 1. 



Bill short, robust, conical, acute ; upper mandible broader than the 

 lower, scarcely dechnate at the tip, almost straight in its dorsal outline, 

 as is the lower, both being rounded on the sides, and the lower with in- 

 flected, acute edges ; the gap line nearly straight, a little deflected at the 

 base, and not extending to beneath the eye. Nostrils basal, roundish, 

 open, partially concealed by the feathers. Head rather large. Neck 

 shortish. Body robust. Legs of moderate length, slender ; tarsus longer 

 than the middle toe, covered anteriorly with a few longish scutella ; toes 

 scutellate above, free, the lateral ones nearly equal ; claws slender, arched, 

 compressed, acute, that of the hind toe rather large. 



Plumage compact above, soft and blended beneath. Wings short 

 and curved, rounded, the third and fourth quills longest, the first much 

 shorter, the secondaries long. Tail longish, forked, the lateral feathers 

 curved outwards towards the tip. 



Upper mandible dark brown, its edges and the lower mandible light 

 blue. Iris hazel. Feet flesh-coloured, claws light brown. Upper part 

 of the head black, with a narrow white stripe from the forehead to the 

 upper part of the neck. A broader white stripe, anteriorly passing into 

 bright orange, over each eye, margined by a narrow black stripe extend- 

 ing from the eye down the neck. Upper part of the back, and the lesser 

 wing-coverts, bright bay, variegated with black ; lower back and tail- 

 coverts brownish-grey. Quills and large coverts blackish, margined with 

 bay, the latter, as well as the next series, tipped with white, forming two 

 conspicuous bands on the wing. Tail dusky brown. Throat white ; 



