144 RED-HEADED WOODPECKER. 



All Woodpeckers are extremely expert at discovering insects as they 

 lie under the bark of trees. No sooner have they alighted, than they 

 stand for a few moments motionless and listening. If no motion is ob- 

 served in the bark, the Woodpecker gives a smart rap with its bill, and 

 bending its neck sidewise lays its head close to it, when the least crawling 

 motion of a beetle or even a larva is instantly discovered, and the bird 

 forthwith attacks the tree, removes the bark, and continues to dig until it 

 reaches its prey, when it secvu-es and swallows it. This manner of obtain- 

 ing food is observed particularly during the winter, when few forest fruits 

 are to be found. Should they, at this season, discover a vine loaded with 

 grapes, they are seen hanging to the branches by their feet, and helping 

 themselves with their bill. At this time they also resort to the corn-cribs, 

 and feed on the com gathered and laid up by the farmers. 



In Louisiana and Kentucky, the Red-headed Woodpecker rears two 

 broods each year ; in the Middle Districts more usually only one. The 

 female lays from two to six eggs, which are pure white and translucent, 

 sometimes in holes not more than six feet from the ground, at other times 

 as high as possible. The young birds have at first the upper part of the 

 head grey ; but towards autumn the red begins to appear. During the 

 first winter, the red is seen richly intermixed with the grey feathers, and, 

 at the approach of spring, scarcely any difference is perceptible between 

 the sexes. 



The Red-headed Woodpecker is found in all parts of the United 

 States. Its flesh is tough, and smells strongly of ants and other insects, 

 so as to be scarcely eatable. 



A European friend of mine, on seeing some of these birds for the first 

 time, as he was crossing the Alleghanies, wrote me, on reaching Pittsburg, 

 that he had met with a beautiful species of Jay, the plumage of which 

 was red, black and white, and its manners so gentle, that it suffered him 

 to approach so near as the foot of a low tree on which it was. 



On being wounded in the wing, they cry as they fall, and continue 



to do so for many minutes after being taken, pecking at their foe with 



great vigour. If not picked up, they make to the nearest tree, and are 



soon out of reach, as they can climb by leaps of considerable length faster 



than can be imagined. The number of insects of all sorts destroyed by 



this bird alone is incalculable, and it thus affords to the husbandman a 



full return for the mischief which it commits in his garden and fields. 



In Kentucky and the Southern States, many of these birds are killed 



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