178 GREAT CRESTED FLYCATCHER. 



yet seldom chases the larger birds of prey, but, unlike the Bee Martin, 

 prefers attacking those smaller ones which inadvertently approach its nest 

 or its station. Among themselves these birds have frequent encounters, 

 on which occasions they shew an unrelenting fierceness almost amounting 

 to barbarity. The plutking of a conquered rival is sometimes witnessed. 



In its flight this bird moves swiftly and with power. It sweeps after 

 its prey with a determined zeal, and repeatedly makes its mandibles clat- 

 ter with uncommon force and rapidity. When the prey is secured, and 

 it has retired to the spray on which it was before, it is seen to beat the 

 insect on it, and swallow it with greediness, after which its crest is boldly 

 erected, and its loud harsh squeak immediately resounds, imitating the 

 syllables paiip, paip, payup, payiup. No association takes place among 

 different families, and yet the solicitude of the male towards his mate, and 

 of the parent birds towards their young, is exemplary. The latter are 

 fed and taught to provide for themselves, with a gentleness which might 

 be copied by beings higher in the scale of nature, and in them might meet 

 with as much gratitude as that expressed by the young Flycatchers to- 

 wards their anxious parents. The family remain much together while in 

 the United States, and go off in company early in September. This spe- 

 cies, like the Tyrant Flycatcher, migrates by day, and during its jour- 

 neys is seen passing at a great height. 



The squeak or sharp note of the Great Crested Flycatcher is easily 

 distinguished from that of any of the genus, as it transcends all others in 

 shrillness, and is heard mostly in those dark woods where, recluse-like, it 

 seems to delight. During the love-season, and as long as the male is pay- 

 ing his addresses to the female, or proving to her that he is happy in her 

 society, it is heard for hours both at early dawn and sometimes after sun- 

 set ; but as soon as the yovmg are out, the whole family are mute. 



It feeds principally upon insects, so long as these are abundant ; but 

 frequently in autumn, and as it retrogrades from the Middle Districts, its 

 food is grapes and several species of berries, among which those of the 

 pokeweed are conspicuous. While in the woods, its flight is peculiarly 

 rapid : it dashes through the upper branches of the tallest trees like an 

 arrow, and often sweeps from this elevated range close to the earth, to 

 seize an insect, which it has espied issuing from among the grass or the 

 fallen leaves. 



