562 COMMON CROSSBILL. 



Young Male fully fledged. Plate CXCVII. Fig. 3. 



In its second plumage the young male is of a duU green colour mixed 

 with brown above, greyish-yellow, tinged with green beneath, the sides 

 of the head over the eyes greenish-yellow, and the rump and upper tail- 

 coverts of the same colour. 



Adult Female. Plate CXCVII. Fig. 4, 4. 



The upper parts are greyish-brown, tinged with green, the rump dull 

 greyish-yellow ; the sides of the head and neck of the same colour as the 

 back ; the under parts pale greyish-yellow, brighter on the fore part of 

 the breast. 



Young Female fully fledged. Plate CXCVII. Fig. 5. 

 The young female resembles the old one, but has less yellow on the 

 rump and under parts. 



I have carefully compared skins of the American bird with others of 

 that found in Scotland, but have not succeeded in detecting any difie- 

 rences sufficient to indicate a specific distinction. 



The Hemlock Spruce. 



PiNUS CANADENSIS, Mich. Arbor. Forest, vol. L p. 137. pi- 13. Pursh. Fl. Amer. 

 Sept. vol. ii. p. 640 — Moncecia Monadelphia, Linn. ConifehjE, Jtiss. 



The Hemlock or Canadian Spruce is characterised by its solitary, 

 flat, somewhat distichous leaves, and very small ovate terminal cones. It 

 is one of the most majestic and beautiful trees of the forests of the Middle 

 States, where it grows abundantly in certain parts, such as the Great 

 Pine Forest, the Pocano Mountains, &c., extending from Carolina to the 

 extremity of Maine. The wood is not considered equal to that of the 

 true pines, and unless kept dry very soon decays, but the bark is excel- 

 lent for tannii^. The height sometimes reaches a hundred feet, and the 

 diameter near the base is often six feet or more. 



