REPUBLICAN OR CLIFF SWALLOW. 415 



The stomach is elliptical, 7^ twelfths long, 6 twelfths tooad, its mus- 

 cles distinct ; the epithelium, as in the other species, tough, with lon- 

 gitudinal rugae, and-of a reddish-brown colour. The intestine is short 

 and wide, its length being 6g inches, its breadth from 2^ twelfths to 2 

 twelfths. The coeca are 2 twelfths long, ^ twelfth wide, and placed at 

 the distance of 11 twelfths from the extremity ; the rectum is dilated 

 into an oblong cloaca ; about 5 twelfths in width. 



The trachea is 1 inch 5 twelfths long, moderately flattened, from 1 

 twelfth to f tweMth in breadth ; its rings pretty firm, 50 in number, 

 with two dimidiate rings. The muscles are as in the other species ; 

 the bronchi are moderate, of about 15 half rings. 



REPUBLICAN OR CLIFF SWALLOW. 



HiRUNDO FULVA, ViEILL. 

 PLATE LXVIII. Vol. I. p. 363. 



r 



The scientific world has been deceived as to the first discovery of 

 this interesting Swallow in the United States, it having been generally 

 supposed not to have been known as an inhabitant of our country until 

 the year 1820, when Major Long found it near the Rocky Mountains. 

 And although the Prince of Musignano saw my original drawing, and 

 read the account of the habits of this species in my Journal, as written 

 on the spot, both at Henderson in Kentucky, in the spring of 1815, and 

 again in the same state opposite Cincinnati, in the spring of 1819, and 

 concocted his article on this bird from these sources, he has refrained 

 from making any mention of these circumstances. 



Much has been said by both American and European writers, to 

 prove that specific differences exist between the birds figured and de- 

 scribed by ViEiLLOT, SwAiNsoN, and the Prince of Musignano, founded 

 on differences in the colouring of the specunens examined by these 

 authors ; but these variations are not greater than may be observed in 

 any other Swallow. Since I published my first volume I have enjoyed 

 ample opportunities of witnessing the breeding of this species, and 

 have examined a great number of specimens of all ages, from the period 

 of hatching to that of their being full-fledged. I have found the front- 



