BROWN TITLARK. 449 



form ; its breadth 1 inch 1 twelfth, its length 10 twelfths ; its lateral 

 muscles much developed, its tendons large and radiated ; the epithelium 

 brownish-red, very thick, with two opposite concave smooth grinding 

 surfaces. Its contents are seeds and sand. The intestine, e f g h, is 

 10| inches long, its width from 3^ twelfths to 3 twelfths ; the coeca, 

 i, 2^ twelfths long, 1^ twelfth wide ; the distance from the extremity 

 of the intestine 1 inch ; the cloaca, j, oblong, about 5 twelfths wide. 



The trachea is 2 inches long, from 1^ twelfth to 1 twelfth in width, 

 considerably flattened ; the rings about 65, moderately firm. The in- 

 ferior laryngeal muscles, four on each side, are of considerable size ; the 

 lateral muscles slender. The bronchial rings 15. As in the Thrushes 

 and Warblers there are two very slender salivary glands. 



BROWN TITLARK. Anthus Spinoletta, Bonap. 



PLATE X. Vol. I. p. 49. 



PRAIRIE TITLARK. Anthus pipiens. 



PLATE LXXX. P. 408. 



This species extends its migrations to the Missouri and Columbia 

 River, where it was met with by Dr Townsend. I found it in April 

 in the Texas, and Dr Richardson observed it in small flocks on the 

 plains of the Saskatchewan in the spring of 1827, feeding on the larvfe 

 of small insects, particularly of a species of ant. I found it breeding 

 very abundantly on the coast of Labrador, on the moss-covered rocks, 

 as well as in the deep valleys, but never at any great distance from the 

 sea. The nests were usually placed at the foot of a wall of the rocks, 

 buried in the dark mould, and beautifully formed of fine bent grass, 

 arranged in a circular manner, without any hair or other lining. Both 

 birds incubate, sitting so closely, that on several occasions I almost put 

 my foot upon them before they flew. The first that I found was on 

 the 29th of June, when the thermometer ranged from 51° to 54°. The 



VOL. v. F f 



