PILEATED WOODPECKER. 635 



middle 4 twelfths, about 1 inch from the anterior end of the rectum 8 

 twelfths. The aperture of the pylorus is large, its width being 3 

 twelfths, and it is destitute of valve. The intestine curves at the dis- 

 tance of 1 inch 10 twelfths, passes forwards to the liver, bends back- 

 wards, forms three curves, and terminates in the rectum over the sto- 

 mach. There are no traces of coeca. The cloaca, h, is of enormous 

 size, of an oblong form, 1 inch 9 twelfths in length, 1\ inch in breadth. 

 The proventriculus and stomach were filled with a vast mass of ants 

 and insects of various kinds, without any other admixture ; and the in- 

 testine contains remains of insects, but no seeds. 



The trachea is 4 inches 9 twelfths long, from 2\ twelfths to 2 twelfths 

 in breadth, but at the lower part only 1^ twelfth. It is roundish at 

 the two extremities, but considerably flattened in the rest of its extent, 

 The rings are 90, with 2 dimidiate rmgs. The lateral muscles are of 

 moderate strength expanded over the fore part of the trachea at their 

 commencement ; the sterno-tracheal also moderate. There is a very 

 slender slip going to the first dimidiate ring. The cleido-tracheal mus- 

 cles are also as in the Ivory-billed Woodpecker. The bronchi are of 

 moderate length and width, of 12 very feeble cartilaginous half rings. 



The individual examined was a male. In another, the length of 

 the intestine is 18^ inches, and in a third 20^. In the stomach of one 

 of these were some very large larvae. 



On immersing a specimen in hot water for some time, it is found 

 that the tongue can be drawn out so that its tip is 2 inches 4 twelfths 

 beyond that of the bill. In the ordinary state its tip is 2 twelfths dis- 

 tant from the latter, so that the extent of its elongation is 2 inches 6 

 twelfths. 



When the specimen is examined in this state, the tongue is exserted 

 to its utmost, the tips of the horns of the hyoid bone are brought to 

 near the articulation of the lower jaw, and their muscles are found cor- 

 rugated into a short space within the sheath, which remains in its pro- 

 per situation. This fact proves the mode of protrusion of the tongue 

 as described in the preceding article. 



In this species the horns of the hyoid bone are extremely slender, 

 in fact quite filamentary and roundish, whereas in the Ivory-billed 

 Woodpecker they are of considerable breadth and more osseous. They 

 advance on the forehead as far as the level of the anterior part of the 

 orbit, inclining to the right side as usual, and their sheaths are attached 

 to the cellular tissue near the right nostril. 



