DOWNY WOODPECKER. 539 



portion. No cceca. The horns of the hyoid bone meet on the upper 

 paxt of the head, and pass to the ridge of the upper mandible. Trachea 

 2 inches 2 twelfths long, 2 twelfths in breadth ; its rings 58 ; bron- 

 chial rings 12. The lateral muscles, which are moderate, become ante- 

 rior, passing to the left side, until near the lower part, when they become 

 lateral. A single pair of inferior laryngeal muscles as in all the other 

 species of this group. 



This species, the Apternus arcticus of Swain son, is stated by him 

 to have been " observed only on the eastern declivity of the Rocky 

 Mountains, where the common species, A. tridactylus, was also pro- 

 cured." 



DOWNY WOODPECKER. 



PlCUS PUBESCENS, LiNN. 

 PLATE CXII. Vol.. II. p. 81. 



In a male preserved in spirits, the width of the mouth is 4^ twelfths, 

 the tongue is 8^ twelfths long, its horny part 3| twelfths, slender, ta- 

 pering, flat above, furnished on the edges with a single row of rather 

 strong deflected bristles, about 12 in number. The hyoid bones con- 

 verge on the top of the head as usual, but do not proceed farther for- 

 ward than opposite the centre of the eye, terminating at the distance 

 of -4 twelfths from the base of the bill, in which respect they contrast 

 strongly with those of the Hairy Woodpecker. The oesophagus is 2^ 

 inches long, its width scarcely 1 twelfth, it being in its contracted 

 state narrower than the trachea ; the proventriculus enlarges to 3 

 twelfths. The stomach is elliptical, 7^ twelfths long, 5^ twelfths in 

 breadth, its muscles well developed ; the epithelium thin, tough, ru- 

 gous, and of a reddish-brown colour. It is filled with farinaceous ve- 

 getable substances of a whitish colour. Intestine of moderate length, 

 wide, 8 inches long, its width at the upper part 2 twelfths. No coeca. 

 Trachea 1 inch 5 twelfths long, its breadth nearly 1 twelfth ; its con- 

 tractor muscles moderate ; its rings about 50 ; the bronchial half rings 

 12. The salivary glands are of large size. 



