PREFACE. V 



there is probably much in this work of which Mr 

 Darwin will disapprove. He must, therefore, not be 

 made responsible for all the opinions of his disciple. I 

 intended to have given my authorities in full, with notes 

 and elucidations, but am prevented from doing so by 

 want of space, this volume being already larger than it 

 should be. I wish therefore to impress upon the reader 

 that there is scarcely anything in this work which I can 

 claim as my own. I have taken not only facts and 

 ideas, but phrases and even paragraphs from other 

 writers. I cannot pay all my debts in full, but I must 

 at least do myself the pleasure to mention those authors 

 who have been my chief guides. On Egypt, Wilkin- 

 son, Rawlinson's Herodotus, Bunsen ; Ethiopia or 

 Abyssinia, Bruce, Baker, Lepsius; Carthage, Heeren's 

 African Nations, Niebuhr, Mommsen; East Africa, 

 Vincent's Periplus, Guillain, Hakluyt Society's Publica- 

 tions ; Moslem Africa (Central), Park, Caillie, Den- 

 ham and Clapperton, Lander, Barth, Ibn Batuta, Leo 

 Africanus ; Guinea and South Africa, Azurara, Barros, 

 Major, Hakluyt, Purchas, Livingstone; Assyria, Sir H. 

 Rawlinson, Layard; India, Max Muller, Weber ; Persia, 

 Heeren's Asiatic Nations ; Central Asia, Burnes, Wolff, 

 Vambery ;_ H Arabia, Niebuhr, Caussin de Perceval, 

 Sprenger, Deutsch, Muir, Burckhardt, Burton, Pal- 

 grave ; Palestine, Dean Stanley, Renan, Dollinger, 

 Spinoza, Robinson, Neander ; Greece, Grote, 0. Muller, 

 Curtius, Heeren, Lewes, Taine, About, Becker's 

 Charicles ; Rome, Gibbon, Macaulay, Becker's Gallus; 

 Dark Ages, Hallam, Guizot, Robertson, Prescott, 

 Irving; Philosophy of History, Herder, Buckle, Comte, 

 Lecky, Mill, Draper; Science, Darwin, Lyell, Herbert 

 Spencer, Huxley, Tyndall, Vestiges of Creation, Wal- 

 lace, Tylor, and Lubbock. All the works of the above- 



