154 JUGURTHA AND JUBA. 



into a Roman province, which was called Africa. 

 The governor resided at Utica, which, with the other 

 old Phoenician towns, received municipal rights, but 

 paid a fixed stipend to the state exchequer. The 

 territory of Carthage itself became Roman domain 

 land, and was let on lease. Italian merchants flocked 

 to Utica in great numbers and reopened the inland 

 trade ; but the famous sea trade was not revived. The 

 Britons of Cornwall might in vain gather on high 

 places and strain their eyes towards the west. The 

 ships which had brought them beads and purple cloth 

 would come again no more. 



A descendant of Masinissa, who inherited his genius, 

 defied the Roman power in a long war. He was 

 finally conquered by Sylla and Marius, caught, and 

 carried off to Rome. Apparelled in barbaric splen- 

 dour, he was paraded through the streets. But when 

 the triumph was over, his guards rushed upon him 

 and struggled for the finery in which he had been 

 dressed. They tore the rings from his ears with such 

 force that the flesh came away ; they cast him naked 

 into a dungeon under ground. " Romans, you give 

 me a cold bath !" were the last words of the valiant 

 Jugurtha. 



The next Numidian prince who appeared at a 

 triumph was the young Juba, who had taken the side 

 of Pompey against Caesar. " It proved to be a happy 

 captivity for him," says Plutarch, " for of a barbarous 

 and unlettered Numidian, he became an historian 

 worthy to be numbered amongst the learned men of 

 Greece." 



When the Empire became established the king- 

 doms of Numidia, of Cyrene, and of Egypt were 

 swept away. Africa was divided into seven fruitful 



