464 PERIOD OF WAR. 



by the carnivorous shepherds of the vegetable eaters 

 in the river plains, may be termed the period of War. 

 Throughout that period mind was developed by neces- 

 sity. The lower animals merely strive to live, to 

 procure females, and to rear their young. It is so 

 ordered by nature, that by so striving to live they 

 develope their physical structure ; they obtain faint 

 glimmerings of reason ; they think and deliberate, 

 they sympathise and love ; they become Man. In 

 the same way the primeval men have no other object 

 than to keep the clan alive. It is so ordered by 

 nature, that, in striving to preserve the existence of 

 the clan, they not only acquire the arts of agricul- 

 ture, domestication, and navigation ; they not only 

 discover fire, and its uses in cooking, in war and in 

 metallurgy; they not only detect the hidden pro- 

 perties of plants, and apply them to save their own 

 lives from disease, and to destroy their enemies in 

 battle ; they not only learn to manipulate Nature, 

 and to distribute water by machinery ; but they also, 

 by means of the long life-battle, are developed into 

 moral beings : they live according to the golden rule, 

 in order that they may exist, or, in other words, they 

 do exist because they live according to the golden 

 rule. They have within them innate affections, which 

 are as truly weapons as the tiger's teeth and the ser- 

 pent's fang ; which belong, therefore, to the period of 

 "War. Their first laws, both social and religious, are 

 enacted only as war measures. The laws relating to 

 marriage and property are intended to increase the 

 fertility and power of the clan ; the laws relating to 

 religion are intended to preserve the clan from the 

 fury of the gods, against whom, at an earlier period, 

 they actually went to war. But out of this feeling of 



