430 VARIATION AND ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF LIGUUS IN FLORIDA 



My ob j ects in this paper are to give the facts upon which this interpretation f 

 the color-variability of Liguus rests. To extend our knowledge of the distributio 

 of Liguus in Florida. To show that the present distribution of these snails ' 

 directly related to physiographic changes during Pleistocene time and still in 

 progress. Finally to trace the migrations which have resulted in the existing 

 pure and hybrid races of these snails. 1 



For the material used in this study I am chiefly indebted to Mr. Clarence 

 Bloomfield Moore, who personally and through his assistants collected in all parts 

 of the Liguus territory except the southwestern group of keys. Mr. Moore 

 applied to the field investigation of the distribution of Liguus the critical and 

 thorough methods which characterize his archaeological work. The result has 

 been a very great extension of our knowledge of the subject, and the possession 

 of data and specimens unequalled in the collections of all other museums combined. 

 Through the kindness of Mr. Moore, collections were made on the southwestern 

 keys by Mr. J. S. Raybon and by Messrs. Stewardson Brown and Henry W. 

 Fowler. Finally Mr. C. T. Simpson and the writer visited the keys from Key 

 West to Bahia Honda. Various small lots have been received from Messrs. 

 Henry Hemphill, Joseph Willcox, Morgan Hebard and others; and collections in 

 the Miami region have been made by Mr. S. N. Rhoads, Dr. J. W. Harshberger, 

 and the writer. All of these lots have been of value in completing the data on 



distribution of the several races. 



Notes on the occurrence of Liguus, particularly relating to its northern limits 

 and to its recent extinction in many localities, compiled from Mr. Moore's field 

 notes, are given in an appendix. Localities carefully investigated where Liguus 

 was not found are also noted therein, and indicated on the accompanying map, 

 Plate XL, drawn by Dr. M. G. Miller. As much of the evidence is rapidly 

 disappearing, the value of these field notes will be apparent. 



II. RELATIONSHIPS OF LIGUUS AND ITS ADVENT IN FLORIDA. 



The genus Liguus, comprising highly colored tree-snails of Cuba, Haiti and 

 Florida, is a genus of the subfamily OrtMicinw , one of the divisions of the 

 family Bulimulidce . It is generally admitted that this family is of South Ameri- 

 can origin. Twenty-three of its twenty-eight genera are found in South America 

 and there the group has undergone extensive adaptive modification. 2 That tropica 

 South America was the radiation-center of OrthaliciwB is indicated by the exlstenc 

 there of five of the six known genera, some terrestrial, others arboreal, a 



In these characters 

 Not to important than the coloration 



j 



1 The size, shaoe and 



many 



would be the comparison of these characters in the various components of the hybn ' ^y of 



begun this investigation, but my time, limited by the necessity of turning out a ce ^^ general 

 systematic work, would not allow me to carry out my original intention. I have in ^ som eone 



character of the colonies, leaving their investigation by the exact methods of biome 

 working under less exacting conditions. . ^ ntw / of Concho^ 





BnlimulidcB 



XI to XIV 



