416 Transactions.— Botany. 
clearly referable to Boott’s C. raoulii, a species which has been much mis- 
understood. The remaining seven appear to be perfectly distinct. Lastly, 
in volumes xiv. to xvi. of the Transactions, I have given notices of seven 
additions. Further examination has led me to doubt the distinctness of 
one of them, C. cinnamomea, but I think that the rest will be generally 
admitted. 
To those who have not previously studied the genus, the following 
résumé of its general characters will be of some service. Of course it will 
be understood that the remarks made refer to the New Zealand aos 
only. 
Size, ete.—In size the species vary from little more than an inch or two 
in height, as in small varieties of C. acicularis, C. inversa, C. cirrhosa, and 
C. uncifolia, to four or even five feet, as in large forms of C. paniculata, C. 
ternaria, and C. trifida. In habit most of the species form compact, close- 
growing tufts, very similar to those of many other Cyperaceous plants, but 
usually more grassy. A few have a looser and more open habit of growth. 
Rhizome.—All the species are furnished with a rhizome or creeping 
stem, clothed with rudimentary scale-like leaves, and on its lower side 
giving origin to the roots, while from its upper surface it throws up the 
culms or leafy branches. In C. pumila it is long and wide-creeping, and in 
consequence the culms are often far distant from one another. Some ten- 
dency to this is also shown by C. inversa, and in a lesser degree by C. 
colensot; but in the other species, as a rule, the rhizome is short, though 
often stout and repeatedly branched. In the varieties of C. paniculata, the 
rhizomes are often matted together, growing under and over one another, 
and forming, with the roots and the lower portions of the old culms, huge 
tussocks resembling the stems of tree-ferns, and sometimes three to four 
feet high, and one to two feet in diameter. Similar but much smaller 
tussocks are sometimes produced by C. subdola and other species. 
Culms.—'Thesé ascend vertically upwards from the rhizome, and except 
in the above-mentioned ease of C. pumila are usually placed in close juxta- 
position, forming tufts more or less dense. They are unbranched in all the 
New Zealand species. In section they are commonly trigonous or tri- 
quetrous ; but in a few species are round, as in C. acicularis, or oval, as in 
C. viridis. They are usually grooved or striated, and the edges are very 
frequently scabrid with small harsh projections, but may be quite smooth 
and even. 
Leaves.—At the very base of the culms we frequently find a number of 
small seale-like leaves, very similar to those clothing the rhizome, and gene- 
rally of a dark colour. These pass abruptly or gradually into the foliage 
leaves, of which there are two main types. First, that in which the leaf is 
