CaeEsEMAN.— Revision of the N.Z. Species of Carex. 419 
Geographical Distribution.—Under the remarks on each species I have 
briefly indicated the geographical range, so far as it is known to me; but it 
will be well to give a summary here. Of the 40 species admitted, 25, or 
almost exactly three-fifths, are peculiar to the country. Of the 15 that are 
found elsewhere, 11 are recorded from Australia and Tasmania. Nine of 
the species are found in Europe, all of which, curiously enough, also inhabit 
North and West Asia, and North America. Seven are natives of Southern 
or Eastern Asia; six of temperate North and South Africa ; while four or 
five have been recorded from extra-tropical South America. The annexed 
table will show the distribution of each species at a glance. It is remark- 
able that most of the species with androgynous spikelets are found out of 
New Zealand, while in the section with unisexual spikelets nearly all are 
endemic. 
The distribution of the species within the colony is given as fully as 
possible, although there is much room for improvement. On the West 
Coast of the South Island they have hardly been collected at all, and 
almost nothing is known of those inhabiting the elevated central districts 
of the North Island. I have, therefore, not attempted to draw up any 
general conclusions on this point, feeling sure that such would require con- 
siderable modification within a short time. 
Before passing to the strietly systematic portion of this paper, I have to 
express my obligations to many kind friends and correspondents for assist- 
ance in preparing it. My thanks are specially due to Mr. D. Petrie of 
Dunedin, who has liberally supplied me with full suites of specimens of the 
Otago species, accompanied by many valuable notes. I am also indebted 
for specimens and information to Mr. G. M. Thomson, Mr. H. Tryon, Mr. 
T. Kirk, Mr. J. Buchanan, and others. My most grateful thanks are due 
to Sir J. D. Hooker for his unwearied kindness in comparing my specimens 
with those in the Kew herbarium. Sir F. Müeller has liberally forwarded 
a complete series of the Australian species, which has been of much service 
to me. For specimens of the European forms I am indebted to Mr. A. W. 
Bennett of Croydon, Dr. J. Müller of Geneva, and Dr. Levier of Florence, 
while I have to thank Mr. Canby and Mr. Martindale for many of the 
American species. 
In eonelusion, it is my wish that this paper may be looked upon simply 
as an attempt to revise and re-arrange the New Zealand species of Carex, 
based upon the additional information that has been obtained since the 
publication of Sir J. D. Hooker's * Handbook." The preparation of a more 
detailed monograph of the species would have been premature, until the 
country has been more completely explored, and the species more generally 
and exhaustively studied. 
