Mr. Winch on the Geology of the Banks of the Tweed. 125 



arranged in the following order : — 1st fine-grained pale Red Sandstone ; 

 2nd, a thin stratum of slaty micaceous Sandstone ; 3d, twenty-five feet 

 of dark red micaceous Sandstone ; 4th, Shale, with thin strata of En- 

 crinal Limestone ; 5th, Red Sandstone, divided by the same Limestone, 

 — the total thickness of these beds is one hundred and twenty feet. 

 Below Spital Mill, (^see Map, No. 18.) half a mile further south, a thick 

 stratum of Sandstone, of peculiar appearance crops out ; it is yellow, 

 blotched with red, and is very friable, its grains scarcely adhering ; and 

 on the beach, about twenty yards north of this spot, the Limestone is 

 separated by a parting of ash-coloured Shale, containing bivalve shells, 

 (Corhula Umosa, Fleming's British Animals, 426,) in abundance. Near 

 Spital farm, a dark gray compact Limestone, containing vegetable ex- 

 uviae, similar to those noticed in the Limestone in the Dyke on the 

 north side of the harbour, rises to the day about high water mark, and 

 may be considered another of the anomalous rocks of this coast. At 

 the foot of the railroad, situated a little further south. Coal Sandstone, 

 enclosing casts of large vegetables, {Stigmariaficoides, Sternberg, 1. 12, f. 

 1, 2, 3; &ndi Lepedodendron obovatum, t. 6, f. 1.) and bituminous Shale 

 alternate, beyond which a quarry has been worked in the red rock to 

 the depth of forty feet. The stone it affords is hard and fine grained, 

 and has been used in constructing the new pier. Proceeding southward 

 to Huds-head, the red rock, of which the cliff" here consists, abuts 

 against the Coal Sandstone, which is close behind it, and within two 

 hundred yards, one of the Scremerstone shafts (see Map, No. 19.) is 

 sunk. At North Scremerstone, two miles from Berwick Bridge, the rocks 

 are Red Sandstone, Shale, and Encrinal Limestone, the latter of which 

 has formerly been quarried, and a little to the south, an extensive quarry 

 is now open at a place called the Red Houses. The stratum is 

 18 feet thick, and affords a blueish-grey stone, close in its texture, and 

 containing Encrinites. It dips at an angle of 45°, and undulates in the 

 same way as the Limestone upon the beach on the north side the harbour. 

 Proceeding inland to Sunnyside Hill (see Map, No. 20.) where workmen 

 are now employed in widening the great south road to Berwick, two ex- 

 cavations are made in the solid strata. At the northern cut, which is 



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