i 



S<fiJ&P& THE 



SEVENTH ORDER 



OF THE 



MAMMALIA. 



THE RUMINANTIA, 



(PECORA. Lin.) 



Is perhaps the most natural and best determined of 

 the class, for these animals have the appearance of 

 being almost altogether constructed on the same 

 model, and the camels alone present some small 

 exceptions to the common character. 



The first of these characters is the absence of 

 incisive teeth in the upper jaw ; in the lower there 

 are almost always eight. In the upper jaw, instead 

 of teeth, there is a callous pad. Between the in- 

 cisors and the molars is a void space, in which only 

 in a few genera are one or two canines. The cheek- 

 teeth, almost always six on each side in each jaw, 

 have the coronals marked with two double crosses, 

 of which the convexity is turned inward in the 

 upper teeth, and outward in the lower. 



The fore-feet are terminated by two toes, and by 

 two hoofs, which face each other by a flat side, so 

 that they have the appearance of a single hocff which 

 had been cleft, whence these animals are said to be 

 bifurcated. 



Vol. IV. B 



