ORDER RUMINANTIA. 229 



fuse the gramineous and buds of shrubs. The Wild Saiga 

 are hunted for their horns, which are an article of com- 

 merce with the Chinese, who manufacture them into lan- 

 terns : the winter hides are likewise useful and the 

 flesh. For this purpose both hounds and eagles are used, 

 but the hunters must approach them from leeward, and be 

 without red or white clothing. Eagles and wolves hunt 

 them also for their prey, and, indeed, are their greatest 

 enemies. In Poland the Saiga is known by the name of 

 Sulak, and in Russia by that of Mangatch, the female 

 being the Saiga. In the Tartaric dialects it is commonly 

 Saijak, and the Turks name them Akim. 



The Dzeren. (A. Gutturosa.) The Dzeren of the Mon- 

 golian Tartars, Tzeiran and Jairan of the Persians and 

 Turks, was mistaken by Buffbn for A. Leucopktea, through 

 a figure of the horn of the latter animal being placed at 

 the head of the article Bezoar of Oldrovandus. The name, 

 indeed, appears generic in the East, for the Dzeren of the 

 Mongols is not the Tzeiran of the Persians, who designate 

 by it, the Persian Antelope or Subgutturosa. The Chinese 

 Antelope, or Dzeren, is like the former, heavy in body, 

 with a short thick head armed with yellowish but opaque 

 horns*, or as others assert, with equal probability, black 

 horns ; they are about nine inches long, completely annu- 

 lated to near the tips, reclining backwards, diverging, 

 wavy, and the points turned inwards. The nose is blunt ; 

 the lips set with long hairs; the ears small and pointed ; 

 but one of the chief characters of the animal is a large 



* We found the horns ascribed to the Saiga and the Dzeren in the 

 Prague, Munich, and Dresden Museums. If there be no mistake 

 in the tickets, Shaw, who states them to be yellow, is correct ; but 

 it might be that they all belonged to one species (the Saiga), the 

 smaller opaque to the young, and the larger diaphanous to the adult. 

 Gmelin reports them to be black, and he cannot well be mistaken : 

 the truth may be that the colours vary. 



