ORDER RUMINANTIA. 383 



same inanimate corpse ; they herd together in small flocks, 

 or live in pairs, but are never strictly gregarious in a wild 

 state ; they have a tenacious memory, and they low in a 

 deep tone. The females bear calves two years following, 

 but remain sterile during the third ; gestation is said to last 

 twelve months, but it appears not to exceed ten ; they pro- 

 pagate at four and a half year's old, and discontinue after 

 twelve. Parturition (in Europe) takes place in the spring, 

 and never exceeds one calf. Dr. Pallas asserts that they 

 breed with domestic cattle, but that the produce usually 

 dies : their life may extend to twenty-five years. 



Although in a domestic state they are not remarkable 

 for docility or attachment to their keepers, yet a feeling 

 of this kind, mixed no doubt with instinctive antipathy, is 

 exemplified in an anecdote related by Mr. D. Johnson, 

 " Two Biparies, or carriers of grain and merchandise on 

 the backs of bullocks, were driving a loaded string of these 

 animals from Palamow to Chittrah : when they were come 

 within a few miles of the latter place, a tiger seized on the 

 man in the rear, which was seen by a guallah (herdsman), 

 as he was watching his buffaloes grazing: he boldly ran 

 up to the man's assistance, and cut the tiger very severely 

 with his sword ; upon which he dropped the Biparie, and 

 seized the herdsman. The Buffaloes observing it, attacked 

 the tiger, and rescued the herdsman ; they tossed him about 

 from one to the other, and to the best of my recollection 

 killed him. Both the wounded men were brought to me ; 

 the Biparie recovered, and the herdsman died." This 

 anecdote reveals, if not attachment, great antipathy and 

 courage; and it is well known that neither the Tiger or the 

 Lion are inclined to prey upon the Buffalo, whose venge- 

 ance is probably kept alive by occasional depredations 

 upon their young, and Indian herdsmen do not scruple to 

 pass the night in the most dangerous jungle, seated upon 

 the back of Koine one favourite animal. 



