ORDER RUMINANTIA. 421 



drapery, is rufous*. This breed appears to have spread 

 westward, through Nubia to the shores of the Atlantic, 

 where occasionally fine cattle are seen, and to the south 

 over Abyssinia to Madagascar and Caifraria. 



In Abyssinia there is also a large white breed, but the 

 greater number are variously coloured. The Caffres and 

 Hottentots rear a fine race likewise marked with large 

 brown or black clouds : some are of extraordinary size, 

 with the horns directed forward and upwards. It is from 

 these that their Bakeley, or war oxen, are chosen : they 

 ride them on all occasions, being quick, persevering, ex- 

 tremely docile, and governed by the voice or a whistle of 

 the owners with surprising intelligence. They thrive most 

 on the Zuure Velden or saline pastures, and that kind of 

 food may cause the peculiarly fetid smell of their breath, 

 noticed by Mr. Barrow. The long horns of some of this 

 breed are often trained by the Namaquas and other tribes, 

 so as to twist in spiral curves or other fanciful forms, said 

 to be managed by means of a warm iron. 



Denmark rears a breed of large stature, which most 

 likely produced the tall Dutch race, of which we have seen 

 one weighing two thousand pounds. From this race sprung 

 the Holstein, which was the parent of the old unimproved 

 English breeds ; the Vandals or Goths may have conducted 

 it into Spain, and left its traces in the large breeds of 

 Salamanca, and transported from thence to South America, 

 furnished the root of the fine races which cover the Pampas, 

 near Buenos Ayres, and in Cuba ; while the large English 

 supplied that of the United States, 



Breeds with small and middle-sized horns exist in the 

 Crimea, in a great part of Germany, Sweden, France, 



* The figure on the Isiac table, has the head, neck, and croup, 

 black, the rest white. It is possible that these various coloured 

 figures, may represent, not Apis alone, but also Onuphis, Bacis, 

 and Mnevis. 



