ORDER PACHYDERMATA. 387 



the attention and apparent curiosity with which a monkey 

 examines every object before it, compared with the apathy 

 of the swine! But it must be questioned whether all this 

 sagacious attention be not finally referrible to his physical 

 wants. He appears indeed to examine bodies with the eye 

 of a philosopher ; but it is more than probable that a dis- 

 covery of their esculent properties, if they have any, is all 

 he has in view. 



Animals then possess, in a certain degree, the power of 

 attention, and consequently of forming ideas. That these 

 ideas remain impressed on their sensoria, and frequently 

 recur, is quite evident ; in other words, that they have me- 

 mory. It is equally evident that numerous and varied as- 

 sociations are formed between these ideas, and that animals 

 deduce thence many judgments, which judgments like our 

 own are true or false according to the premises on which 

 they rest, and the accuracy with which they are deduced ; 

 in short, that they are as unlike the deductions of instinct, 

 and, as far as they go, as like those of human intelligence, 

 as sufficiently to infer identity. 



But if the principle in both cases be the same, it is clearly 

 possessed by us and by the brute in proportions immeasur- 

 ably different ; otherwise, indeed, the question of identity 

 could not exist. 



To point out the limits of animal intelligence is hopeless; 

 but, to speak with becoming humility, we may endeavour 

 to approach the truth in this respect. 



It is self-evident that the intelligence of every being must 

 be limited by the number and variety of its ideas. These, 

 as we have seen, depend upon the degree of attention. 

 There is a kind of successive dependence in the intellectual 

 faculties, each one being proportioned to the strength of its 

 precursor. We allow that animals possess attention, me- 

 mory, association, and judgment, or the power of deducing 

 inferences from comparison of ideas. But if the attention 



