EIGHTH ORDINARY MEETING. 59 



gratings one inch wide, after which it is carried down into the lake 

 at Ashbridge's Bay. The byres and outfall troughs are all well flushed 

 with fresh water every day. The solid manure is carted away, daily, 

 by market gardeners and farmers in the neighbourhood of this city ; 

 they get it free, each contractor receives the manure of two rows, and 

 "there has never been any trouble nor has the manure been allowed to 

 lie for more than twenty-four hours. 



The animals come in during the month of October and go out in 

 •June, during that time they make from 1 ,500 to 1,800 lbs. in weight. 

 In addition to the 20 gallons of " wash" each animal receives daily, 

 it gets about a ton of hay during the season; this is fed to allow it to 

 chew its cud and keep its bowels in order. 



There is a great deal of difference of opinion among Sanitarians on 

 the propriety of feeding animals on "distillery wash" or " dregs. " 

 Numerous investigations have been made into its qualities which 

 •have led to its being prohibited, as far as milch cows ai'e concerned, 

 in many cities and towns in the States and Britain. The question is 

 still an open one, however. 



ABATTOIRS. 



No special care or arrangements appear to have been made in the 

 early years of this century to regulate slaughter-houses, as we read 

 that even in such large cities as Paris, London, and Edinburgh these 

 buildings were in the densely populated parts of these cities ; that 

 no care was bestowed on them, and that the effluvium arising from 

 ■them was overwhelming. Napoleon I. passed an edict regulating 

 the abattoirs of Paris, in 1810, which fixed their sites, and on these 

 sites they remain at present. The leading British cities did not 

 bestir themselves in this matter till about thirty years ago. 



The arrangements of the Paris abattoirs have been very generally 

 followed, the buildings are placed in rectangular order and consist 

 of the 



Echaudoir, or particular division allotted for knocking down the animal. 

 Bouverie, the spaces, or sheds, where the animals are kept after a journey 



to rest and cool till the body gets to a normal condition. 

 Fondeurs, or boiling down houses, for meat unfit for human use, &c. 

 Triperies, the places used for cleaning the tripe of bullocks, and the fat, 



heads, and tripe of sheep and calves. 



In addition there have been lately added a blood house, where all the 

 blood is coagulated, or treated for the albumen, which is used in 



