8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. 



physical characteristics, are included the Mingrelians of Circassia, 

 the Scandinavians, and the Finns, three races speaking radically 

 unlike languages, while the Samoyedes, whose language is related to 

 that of the Finns, and the Persians and Hindoos whose tongues 

 resemble that of the Scandinavians, are relegated to other classes. 



From facts which have occurred, and facts which we may see daily 

 occurring in this country and the neighboring republic, we are led to 

 the conclusion that the language a man speaks is not good evidence 

 as to his descent. The descendants of the Dutch settlers of New 

 York speak English. The Negroes of the South speak either Eng- 

 lish or French. On the other hand physical peculiarities change 

 very slowly, if at all. The Spaniard of South America, the English- 

 man of Virginia, the Frenchman of Quebec seem to be precisely the 

 same physically as the Spaniard of Spain, the Englishman of England, 

 and the Frenchman of France. If the white race darkens within 

 the tropics, or the Negro blanches under the influence of frost, the 

 process is very slow. It would therefore seem the part of wisdom 

 to accept a classification based on physical peculiarities. The most 

 approved classification is that of Huxley, which is founded on the 

 character of the hair and colour of the skin. He divides all mankind 

 into Ulotrichi, that is, those possessing crisp or woolly hair, and 

 Leiotrichi, or those possessing smooth hair. The colour of the former, 

 that is, of the Ulotrichi, or the woolly-haired division of mankind, 

 "varies from yellow-brown to the darkest hue known among men." 

 Their " hair and eyes are normally dark, and with only a few excep- 

 tions (among the Andaman Islanders) they are dolichocephalic," 

 that is, long-headed. " The Negroes and Bushmen of ultra-Saharal 

 Africa, and the Negritos of the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago and 

 of the Papuan Islands are the members of this Negroid stock." 



The Leiotrichi, that is, the smooth-haired division of mankind, are 

 divisible into four groups, typified respectively by the Australians, 

 the Chinese, the Swedes, and the Spaniards. 



1. The first of these, namely the Australioid group, have dark 

 skins, dark eyes, "wavy black hair, and eminently long skulls with 

 well developed brow ridges, and projecting jaws." This group in- 

 cludes the native Australians and Tasnmnians, and some races found 

 in India in the Pekhan. Professor Huxley is inclined to consider 

 the ancient Egyptians a modification of this type. 



