290 SOME LAWS OF PHONETIC CHANGE 



Basque substantive so called, erio, heriotce, and the Iroquois adjec- 

 tive kenha. But kenha is the same word as heriotce, for, while the 

 Lesghian tribes, Tshar and Kabutsh, render it by chana like the 

 Iroquois, the other Lesghian tribes, Dido and TJnso, agree with the 

 Basques in calling it haratz. The Dacotah sides with the Basque in 

 karrasha, and the Peruvian Aymara with the Iroquois in hinata. 



A road or street in Basque is kharrika, but in Iroquois chanheyens. 

 The Dacotah, which the late Lewis Morgan proved to be of the same 

 stock as the Iroquois, furnishes the more appropriate form kanga, 

 while the Lesghian reconciles the Basque and it by its duplicate 

 renderings chuldu and chuni. The Corean rejects the termination 

 which appears in kharrika and chuldu and calls a road Mr. 



The Koriak ennen, innaen, a fish is the Basque arran, arrain, and 

 the same with the prefix of a guttural is the Iroquois kunjoon. So 

 the Iroquois enia a finger is the Basque erhia, and the Basque oscola, 

 the bark of a tree, is the Iroquois askoonta. Again, the Quichua 

 rejects the initial vowel and calls bark kara. The t of askoonta 

 which is not found in oscola is probably a euphonic addition merely, 

 since it frequently appears, as in ourata, a leaf, the Basque orri, in 

 ashuchta, a hand, the Basque escua, and Dacotah sake, and in kihade, 

 a river, the Kamtchatdale kiha. 



II. — The Iroquois replaces the Basque m by an, en, on; and the 

 Basque b follows the same rule as to when it is the equivalent 

 of that letter in the Caucasian languages. 



One of the best known Iroquois words is onontes, a mountain, 

 figuratively employed to denote a governor or great personage, as 

 onontio, the beautiful mountain. This form onontio probably explains 

 the Hittite word mati in the Hamath inscriptions, which I have 

 translated " king." However, the Ii'oquois onontes is the Basque 

 mendia. In South America the Basque form is almost given back 

 in the Araucanian mahnida, but the Cayubabas of north-eastern 

 Bolivia, a people allied to the Quichuas, are Vasconibus Vasconiores 

 and turn the Iroquois onontes into iruretui. 



The word tongue in Basque is mia, mihia, the Lesghian mitz and 

 mas. The application of the rule transforms mas to ennas, which is 

 just ennasa, the Iroquois tongue. The Georgian form is ena. 



The Caucasian m is frequently represented in Basque by b. Thus 

 the Lesghian mussur, muzul, the beard, is the Basque bizarra. 



