IN THE KHITAN LANGUAGES. 291 



There is little doubt that the Lesghian form is the more ancient and 

 radical. In the Atacameno, a Peruvian language of the Quichua 

 family, musur survives, not indeed as denoting the beard but the 

 hair. The Iroquois therefore instead of rendering the Basque b by 

 w recognizes the original in m and calls a beard onwskera. 



A similar word, burua, the head in Basque is the Lesghian mier, 

 maar, the Corean mari, the Dacotah marshaa, the Sonora moola, the 

 Cayubaba abara-cama and nahuara-cama. Accordingly in Iroquois 

 its form is not wara but anuwara. 



The radical part of the Iroquois eniorhene, to-morrow, is enior, 

 and this is the Basque bihar, biar, bigar. While the Iroquois agrees 

 with the Guipuzcoan and Biscayan dialects of the Basque in suppress- 

 ing the medial aspirate or guttural, it refuses to recognize the initial 

 b, and thus claims affinity with the Georgian michar and the Corean 

 myongir. The Yuma gives back the Georgian form in mayyokal ; 

 while the Dacotah and Cherokee, preserving the Iroquois form, 

 prefix a sibilant, shinnakshare and sunahla being their respective 

 terms. 



No unscientific collector of verbal coincidences would dream of 

 associating the Basque bizkhar, the back, with the Iroquois ohnaken. 

 But when we learn that the Basque bizkhar is the Lesghian machol, 

 it is easily perceived that by the application of the first law machol 

 becomes machen, and, by that of the second, machen is transformed 

 into onachen. 



III. — When the Basque b is represented by the same letier, or a 



CORRESPONDING LABIAL IN THE CAUCASIAN LANGUAGES ITS IROQUOIS 

 EQUIVALENT IS W. 



A Basque adjective meaning great and wide is zabala. In 

 Lesghian it appears as chvallal, chvallase, and similar forms are fur- 

 nished by the Shoshonese, Aztec, and Atacameno, namely, oboloo, 

 yzachipul and capur. The first rule changes the Basque and Lesghian 

 I into the Ii-oquois n, and, by this third rale, the b and v of these 

 two languages become w. Hence we have kowanea, the Iroquois 

 word. It is to be i-emarked that in certain Lesghian and Iroquois 

 dialects the labial disappears altogether, the Lesghian kunosa being 

 the counterpart of the Iroquois hons. 



The Basque word for grass is belharra. Here the Caucasian and 

 Basque agree, for belharra is the Georgian balachi. Accordingly the 

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