294 SOME LAWS OF PHONETIC CHANGE 



In some cases the Basque word, while agreeing with the Iroquois, 

 differs from the Lesghian, so that both Iroquois and Basque must be 

 brought under the first rule, in which Lesghian must take the place 

 of Basque. Thus the word for name is in Iroquois chinna and in 

 Basque icena, while the Lesghian form is zar. 



Certain roots also which I have not found in Basque imite the 

 Lesghian and the Iroquois. Such is the Lesghian surdo, night, 

 which is the Iroquois asunto. Another Lesghian form chur agrees 

 witli the Aino asiru. The Lesghian ras, a feather, is the Iroquois 

 ortasa. The Iroquois word for rain, iokennores, is not very like the 

 Lesghian Kasi-Kumuk form kural, but is at once recognisable in that 

 of the Akush dialect, which is kanili. In fact the phonetic changes 

 which I have pointed out as existing between the Basque and the 

 Iroquois are really found operating in greater or less measure within 

 the bounds of individual Khitan languages both in the Old World 

 and on this continent. Even the Kamtchatdale, which generally 

 accords with the Iroquois, gives occasionally a Basque form, as in 

 kchaiha, the belly, as compared with the Iroquois kchonta. 



Before concluding the list of examples, which, however tiresome 

 to enumerate, I feel are due from me to those who would themselves 

 judge the validity of the laws which I have enunciated, I wish to 

 set forth the relations of two connected Iroquois words the deriva- 

 tion of which has long been sought in vain. . The first is the word 

 for house onushag, kanuchsa, anonchia, Icanonsa. Beginning near 

 home, the Shoshonese niki and Sonora nihki should not be foreign to 

 the Iroquois forms, especially as another Shoshonese form kanuke 

 almost reproduces the Iroquois kanuchsa, and as the Sonora kaliki is 

 the same word. The Shoshonese has still another form liki, which 

 is the Araucanian ruka, and the Lesghian ruk. If, however, we ask 

 how the Iroquois forms anonchia and kanonsa obtained their double 

 n, we must be referred to the Koriak, which renders the Lesghian 

 ruk by oranga, and this the Iroquois changes to onanga, anonchia. 

 The Aztec colli, different as it may appear, is the same word, for 

 the Sonora which gave us kaliki abbreviates this in certain dialects 

 into kari, from which colli is derived by the simplest of all phonetic 

 changes. The other word is that which gives name to our Dominion, 

 kanada, kanata, a village. Nobody would dream of associating it 

 with the Natchez word wait, and yet their derivation is one. The 

 language of the Yenisei furnishes the original term, kelet, koleda, 



