298 



SOME LAWS OF PHONETIC CHANGE 



RULE II. 



The Iroquois replaces the Basque m by an, en, on, and the Basque b 



BY THE SAME 'WHEN b IS THE EQUIVALENT OF THE CAUCASIAN m. 





Basque. 





Caucasian. 



Iroquois. 



English. 



1. 



mendi 





mta, Georgian, 

 suntu, Lesghian 



onontes 



mountain 



2. 



mia, mihia 





mitz, mas, Lesghian 

 en a, Georgian 



ennasa 



tongue 



3. 



bizarra 





muss'ir, niuzul, Lesghian 



onwskera 



beard 



4. 



burua 





mier, maar, Lesghian 



onuwara 



head 



5. 



biar, bihar, 



bigar 



michar, Georgian 



enior-hene 



to-morrow 



6. 



bizkhar 





machol, Lesghian 



ohnaken 



back 



Note. — Illustrations of the Rule in other languages. 



Basque and Caucasian forms. 



1. mendia = mahnida, Araucanian ; 



pinujidtsh, Kamtchatdale 



2. mia, mas =mutt, mocte, Mizjeji 



3. bizarra, mussur = musur, Atacameno; 



muzul, (hair) 



4. burua, mier, maar = raari, Coreari ; 



marshaa, Dacotah ; moola, Soriora ; 

 abara-cama, Cayubaba 



5. biar, michar = myongir, Coreari; 



mayyokal, Yuma ; miecar, Yuma 

 (morning) ; emukulas, Kamtchatdale 

 (morning) 



6. bizkhar, machol = ushiro, Japanese 



Iroquois forms. 

 onontes = suntu, Lesghian; neit, KoriaJc 



nenichaha, Choctaw 

 ennasa = ena, Georgian. ; onnor, Yukahiri ; 



neeighjee, Dacotah ; yahnnhgah, Cherokee ; 



honinee, Pueblos ; anongin, Shoshonese ; 



nenetl, Aztec ; ine, Cayubaba 

 onwskera = harinockquell, Hhoshonese (chin) ; 



huntur, Atacameno 

 anuwara = nahuar-acama, Cayubaba 



enior-hene = unhaiel, Yukahiri (morning) ; 

 onnihile, Cho-.taw (morning) ; sunahla, 

 Cherokee (to-morrow and morning) ; 

 shiunakshare, Dacotah (to-morrow and 

 morning) ; yanrne, Shoshonese (morning) 



ohnaken = senaka, Japanese 



RULE III. 



The Iroquois replaces the Basque b by w when b is the equivalent 

 of a labial in the Caucasian languages. 

 Basque. Caucasian. Iroquois. English. 



1. zabala chvallal, chvallase, Lesghian kowanea great 



balachi, Georgian 



2. belharra 



3. biloac 



abra, Circassian 



wennokera 

 ahwerochia 



grass 

 hair 



RULE IV. 



The Iroquois inserts a dental between the Basque n and r. 

 Basque. Iroquois. Other Languages. English. 



1. janari, janhari kanadra kendowan, Koriak bread, food 



2. onereclii, oniritzi endooroohquah anurak, Yukahiri to love 



aindoorookwa noroke, Japanese 



awvonoorch, Yuma 





Basque. 



Iroquois. 



I. 



2. 



choria 

 churia 



garioha 

 kearagea 



3. 



zacurra 



tschierha 



4. 

 5. 

 6. 



liezurra 



aztala 



chara 



zuaitz, zuhaitz 



ohskereh 

 okotara 

 geree 

 kaeet 



7. 



curciria 



kawseras 



Roots coinciding in Basque and Iroquois. 



Other Languages. English. 



zur, I,esghian ; chiroti, Aymara bird 



kiroi, Japanese : shirusa, Loo Choo wnite 



tehalasa, Lesghian ; yurac, Quichua 

 djogori, Georgian ; tkari, Mizjeji dog 



schari, Shoshonese 



ookolah, Cherokee bone 



uttur, Lesghian leg 



kulln, Quichua wood, tree 



hueta, guet, Lesghian 

 quahuit, quauitl, Aztee 



gurgur, Lesghian thunder 



urgirgerkin, kyhal, kyigala, Koriak 

 kychtchlizen, Kamtchatdale 

 gurgin, kuchili, Georgian 

 jyrajaa, hiloha, Choctaw ; aker, Yuma 



