10S THE MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIAN AFRICA 



The southern, or Cape race (P. c. typicus), is generally greyish yellow ; but in the 

 Lake Mweru district and Nyasaland we find a reddish race (P. c. nyasce), and a 

 third phase (P. c. datmonis) characterises Kilimanjaro and its neighbourhood. 

 Some 30 inches, or a little more, at the shoulder is the height of the boars. A 

 second species, P. hassama, is a native of Abyssinia, and is at present chiefly 

 defined by skull-characters. Most remarkable of all is the red river-hog 

 (P. porcus), of West Africa, in which the upper ridges on the skulls of the boars 

 have flattened and expanded summits approximately in the line of the plane of the 

 face. The ear-tufts attain great development, and the general colour is bright 

 reddish brown, with much black on the face, and imperfect white spectacle-like 

 rings round the eyes. These gorgeously coloured swine associate in large sounders 

 in well-wooded districts on the banks of rivers. 



The equatorial forests of Mount Kenia and the Nandi district 



Forest-Hog". . 



near the Victoria Nyanza are the homes of a huge black pig, which in 

 some respects presents characters intermediate between the bush-pigs and the 

 under-mentioned wart-hogs. It represents a genus by itself, and has been named 

 Hylochosrus meinertzhageni. The forest-hog apparently comes nearest to the 

 wart-hogs, but has a less specialised type of skull and dentition, and thus serves to 

 connect those hideous creatures with more typical swine. The tusks, although 

 very much smaller, have the characteristic curvature of those of the wart-hog, and 

 there is the same reduction in the number of the upper incisors to a single pair ; 

 but the coat of long black hair is much more profuse than in the wart-hogs. 



The face of the old boars carries a pair of huge flattened warty growths below 

 the eyes recalling those large funguses which grow on decaying tree-trunks. 

 These great fungus-like warty growths corresjiond to the warts of the wart-hog. 

 In the latter animal there are two pairs of these warts, both of which are conical 

 in shape with a subcircular base. The hind and larger pair arise from rough 

 depressions situated near the middle of the zygomatic or cheek-arch immediately 

 below the eye, while the second and much smaller pair grow from very similar 

 depressions on the sides of the upper jawbones, behind the tusks. In the forest- 

 hog, on the other hand, the whole of the outer surface of the cheek-bone, or cheek- 

 arch, is heavily roughened and expanded, and it is from this surface that the great 

 fungus-like warty growth arises. These huge plate-like warts of the forest-hog 

 therefore clearly correspond with the hind pair of warts of Phacochoerus. Whether 

 their front portion does not also represent the front warts of the wart-hog is not 

 easy to decide, although it is possible that such may be the case. Either way, the 

 correspondence of the forest-hog's huge warts with the much smaller hind pair of 

 the wart-hog affords additional evidence of the near affinity of the two genera. In 

 size this swine greatly exceeds any bush-pig or wart-hog. The species is 

 represented by one local race (a species according to its describer) in the Ituri 

 forest, and by a second in the Cameruns district, so that it probably ranges right 

 across the forest-zone. 



Very characteristic of Africa south of the Sahara are the wart- 

 Wart-Hogs. 



hogs, recognisable at a glance by the extraordinary shape of the head, 



and the huge size and peculiar curvature of the tusks. The huge head is 



characterised by the length and breadth of the muzzle and the above-mentioned 



