SUPPLEMANTAL HISTORY OP MAN. 



other animals, a very striking difference in the re- 

 lative proportions of the cranium and face, the latter 

 of which is occupied by the organs of the external 

 senses. In proportion to their development the 

 comparative size of the face is increased while that 

 of the cranium is diminished. This last on the 

 other hand is augmented in proportion to the in- 

 creased quantity of brain, and the face becomes 

 diminished. Man is distinguished by the superior 

 size of the cranium when compared with the face, 

 above all other animals; and it will generally be 

 found among the brute creation, that those beings 

 which approximate most closely to these propor- 

 tions in the human subject, also combine the largest 

 portion of intelligence and docility. 



One method of expressing numerically, or with 

 some certainty these relative proportions, though 

 perhaps not in all cases quite satisfactory, is by the 

 course of the facial line, and the consequent number 

 of degrees in the facial angle. Taking a view of 

 the head in profile, when the body is in a perfectly 

 erect position, a line drawn from the greatest pro- 

 jection of the forehead to that of the upper max- 

 illary bone describes the direction of the face, 

 and is called the facial line ; a second line perfectly 

 horizontal drawn backwards from beneath the basis 

 of the nostrils, forms with the other what is termed 

 the facial angle, and gives the measure of the re- 

 lative prominence of the jaws and forehead. In 

 man alone the facial line is perpendicular, for in 

 Jiira alone is the face situated perpendicularly be^ 



