110 SUPPLEMENTAL HISTORY OP MAN. 



short muzzled dogs, where the cranium is a little 

 longer than the face. In the hare and marmot the 

 face exceeds the cranium by one third; in the 

 porcupine and ruminating animals, by a half; and 

 still more in the pig kind : it is three times as large 

 as the cranium in the hippopotamus, and four times 

 in the horse. Now it is obvious that these pro- 

 portions, if attended to as indicative of intellectual 

 superiority, would lead us to conclusions utterly 

 at variance with facts. That noble animal the 

 horse, so conspicuous for docility and intelligence, 

 would be inferior to the hare, and the marmot, the 

 pig, and the porcupine; and the Newfoundland 

 dog, so famed for sagacity, courage, and attach- 

 ment, would be on a level with the most fero- 

 cius of the carnivora, and the most brutal of the 

 monkeys. 



The human face, indeed, infinitely more than the 

 configuration of the head, and the uses to which the 

 individual parts of the face are subservient, present 

 a most striking contrast between man and the brute 

 creation, and furnish the most decisive indications 

 of his measureless superiority. In the latter, the 

 organs of the face are merely instruments for the 

 procuring and preparing of food, or they are offensive 

 and defensive weapons. In the former, they form 

 the medium of mental expression, and indicate, by 

 a silent but most expressive and universal language, 

 the feelings, motion, and operations of the intelligent 

 and immortal spirit that resides within him. The face, 

 or rather muzzle of the brute is principally composed 



