PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW YORK. 



is not to be confounded with the deep pedicle-slit in Lingulella. Furthermore, 

 a slight longitudinal displacement of the valves before, or while undergoing 

 fossilization, will frequently exaggerate the normal extension of the umbonal 

 region in the pedicle-valve, beyond that in the opposite valve. We are dis- 

 posed to consider the current reference to Lingulella of several well-known 

 American species, e. g., L. lowensis, Owen,* L. Covingtonensis, Hall and Whit- 

 field,f L. Norwoodi,X James, L. Vanhornii, Miller, as incautious, and feel that, 

 in general, these are more safely left under the original genus. Two of the 

 species named, viz., L. lowensis and L. Vanhornii, 

 have muscular impressions comparable with those 

 of L. anatina, and of widely different character and 

 arrangement from those in the genus Lingulella, 

 Living Lingulas, are known to form a tube about the 

 pedicle by the agglutination of grains of sand or other 

 sedimentary d(^bris, after the manner of Tubifex and 

 other forms of Chaetopod Annelids. (See accompany- 

 ing figui'e of Lingula pijramidata,^ Stimpson, after Morse, 

 which shows this tube, as well as the effect of the 

 action of the sliding or transmedian muscles in swinging 



the valves laterally asunder.) fig. 3. U7igula(Glottidia)Andebarti. 



After MoESE. 



* Lingulella loioensis, Whitfielcl, Geol. Wisconsin, vol. iv, p. 242. 1883. 



t Mr. S. A. Miller, in his " Catalogue of the Fossils found in the Hudson River, Utica Slate and Trenton 

 Gi'oops, as exposed in the South-east pai-t of Indiana, South-west pai't of Ohio, and Noi'thei'n part of Ken- 

 tucky"; Tenth Ann. Rept. Geol. Surv. Indiana, says, on page 19, under the heading Lingdla : " All the 

 species referred to this genus" [in the groups mentionedj "belong to Lingulella;" and in Mr. J. F. James' 

 "Catalogue of the Fossils of the Cincinnati group," 1881, in addition to the species mentioned above (ex- 

 cepting L. Covingtonensis), L. attenuata, Sowei'bjs and L. riciniformis, Hall, are i-eferred to the sub-geitus 



LlKGULELLA. 



J This species belongs to the genus Lisgdlops. 



§ Glottidia AudebaHi, Broderip. Davidson, Ti-ans. Linnean Society, Second Ser., Zoology, vol. iv, jiart 

 3, p. 223. 



