2 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW YORK. 



having precisely the same scope. Professor Owen,* in 1858, proposed the term 

 Lyopomata {Xvm and nojixa), essentially the Greek equivalent of Inarticulata, 

 and of BRONN'sf Ecardines. The last named author also suggested the term 

 Pleuropygia, derived from the lateral position of the intestinal perforation ; 

 while King's term, Tretenterata,:]: indicates that the existence of an anus is 

 to be regarded as the essential character. 



The use of Family designations in this group would be attended by embar- 

 rassments so serious, that it has seemed preferable to avoid them altogether. 

 The present state of our knowledge fully justifies this position. 



Genus LINGULA, Bruguiere. 1789. 



PLATE I, FIGS. 1-34; AND PLATE IV K, FIGS. 5-13. 



1789. LingvJa,^ BnnGuifeKB. Hist. Natur. des Vers Testac^s. 

 1798. Pharetra, Bolten. Mus. Bolt. 

 1806. Liiigularius, Ddmi^kil. Zoologie Analytique. 

 Lingiiia, of authors generally. 



{ Gloss'wa, Phillips, 1848. Mem. Geol. Surv. Great Britain, vol. ii, pt. 2, jj. 370. 

 ■{ fflotticUa, Dall, 1870. Amei-iean Journal of Conchology, vol. vi, p. 157. 

 \_Digiiomia, Hall, 1871. Imperfectly known Foi-ms among the Brachiopoda. 



1839. Lingula, Conkad. Second Ami. Rept. Palaeont. Dept. N. Y. State Geol. Surv. 



1842. Lingula, Vanuxbm. Geology N. T., Rept. Third District. 



1842. Lingula, Emmons. Geology N. Y., Kept. Second District. 



1842. Lingula, Conead. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 



1843. Lingula, Hall. Geology N. Y., Rept. Fourth District. 



1844. Lingula, Owen. Geol. Kept. Iowa, Wisconsin, and Illinois. 

 1847. Lingula, Hall. Pateontology N. Y., vol. i. 



1847. Lingula, Dana. American Journal of Science. 



1851. Lingula, Hall. Foster and Whitney's Rept. Geol. Lake Superior. 



1852. Lingula, Hall. Palaeontology N. Y'., vol. ii. 



1852. Lingula, Owen. Geol. Rept. Iowa, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. 

 1852. Lingula, F. Robmer. Kreideliildung von Texas. 



* EncyclopEedia Britannica, 8th Ed., vol. xv, p. 301. 



t Die Classen und Ordnungen des Thieri-eichs, p. 301. 1862. 



\ Annals and Magazine of Natural History, vol. xii, p. 15. 1873. 



§ The synonymic lists accompanying these discussions are intended to give, first, the more important 

 names under which the g-enera have been mentioned by European and American writei-s, followed by a 

 table of references to notices in American literatui-e of the genera or their species. Under the lesser gi-oups, 

 the lists are not thus divided, but will be found to contain all the important references necessary for the use 

 of the student. 



