BRACHIOPODA. 281 



Genus RAFINESQUINA, gen. nov. 

 Lept^na and Strophomena of most authors. 



PLATE VIII, FIGS. HI; PLATE IXa, FIGS. 1,2,4; and I'LATE XVa, FIGS. 37, 38, ;«(?). 



1838. LeptCBna, Conrad. Second Ann. Rept. N. Y. Geolog-ioal Survey, p. 115. 



1839. Strophomena, Conrad. Third Ann. Rept. N. Y. Geological Survey, pp. 63, 64. 



1840. Strophomena, Conrad. Foui-th Ann. Rept. N. Y. Geological Survey, p. 201. 



1841. Strophomena, Conrad. Fifth Ann. Rept. N. Y. Geological Survey, p. 37. 



1842. Strophomena, Conrad. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., vol. viii, p. 254, pi. xiv, fig. 5 ; pp. 259, 260. 

 1842. Strophomena, Vanuxem. Geological Rapt. Third Dist. N. Y., p. 46, fig. 2. 



1842. Strophomena, Emmons. Geol. Rept. Second Dist. N.Y., p. 389, fig. 2 ; p. 395, fig. 3 ; p. 403, fig. 3. 



1843. Orthis, de Ca,stelnau. Essai sur le Systeme Silurien de I'Amerique septentrionale, pp. 37, 38, 



pi. xiv, figs. 1, 6. 



1844. Strophomena, Owen. Geol. Expl. Iowa, Wisconsin, and Illinois, pi. xvi, tig. 8 ; pi. xvii, fig. 6. 

 1847. Leptwna, Hall. Palaeontology of N. Y., vol. i, p. 19, pi. iv (bis), fig. 2 ; p. 20, pi. iv (bis), fig. 3 ; 



p. 102, pi. xxxi, fig. 1, pi. xxxiA, fig. 1; pp. 106, 107, pi. xxxiA, figs. 2, 3; 



p. 109, pi. xxxi B, tig. 1 ; p. 115, pi. xxxis, fig. 8; p. 286, pi. Ixxix, fig. 2. 

 1852. Leptmna, Hall. Paljeontology of N. Y., vol. ii, p. 62, pl. xxi, tig. 6. 

 1856. Strophomena, Billings. Canadian Nat. and Geol, vol. i, p. 214, figs. 3, 4. 



1858. Strophjmiena, Rogers. Geology of Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 817, fig. 591 ; p 818, tig. 600. 



1859. Strophomena, Hall. Twelfth Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 70. 



1859. Strophomena, Billings. Canadian Nat. and Geol., vol. iv, p. 443. 



1860. Strophomena, Billings. Canadian Nat- and Geol., vol. v, jip. 51-54, fig. 1. 



1862. Strophomena, Billings. Palaiozoic Fossils, vol. i, pp. 117, 118, fig. 97; pp. 119, 128, fig. 106. 



1863. Strophomena, Billings. Canadian Geology, Report of Progress, p. 163, fig. 140 ; pp. 141, 209, 



fig. 208. 



1865. Strophomena, Shaler. Bulletin Mas. Comp. Zoology, No. 4, p. 82. 



1868. Strophomena, Meek and Worthen. Geological Survey of Illinois, vol. iii, p. 335, pl. iv, fig. 11. 



1871. Strophomena, Davidson. British Silui-ian Brachiopoda, p. 285, pl. xlii, tigs. 20, 21 ; p. 292, pl. xlii, 



tigs. 1-5 ; pi. xxxix, tigs. 22-24 ; p. 296. pl. xxxvli, figs. 23-26 ; v>l. xlii, 

 figs. 6-8 ; p. 383, pl. xfii, figs. 18, 19 ; pl. xlvii, figs. 1-4 ; pp. 310, 311, 

 pl. xlii, fig. 11 ; pl. xliii, fig. 15 ; p. 312, pl. xiv, figs. 1-10. 



1873. Strophomena, Meek. Paleontology of Ohio, vol. i, pp. 88-91, pl. vii. 



1874. strophomena. Miller. Cincinnati Quart. Jour. Sci., vol. i, p. 13. 



1874. Strophomena, Jambs. Cincinnati Quart. Jour. Sci., vol i, p. 335. 



1875. Strophomena, Miller. Cincinnati Quart. Jour. Sci., vol. ii, pp. 51-54. 



1881. Strophomena, N. H. Winchell. Ninth Annual Rept. State Geologist of Minnesota, p. 120. 



1881. Strophomena, White. Tenth Ann. Rept. Indiana State Geol., p. 113, pl. i, figs. 6, 7. 



1882. Stropho7nena, Whitfield. Geology of Wisconsin, vol. iv, p. 261, pl. xii, figs. 15, 16 ; p. 262, 



pl. xii, fig. 14. 



1883. Strophomena, D.4.vidson. British Silurian Brachiopoda, Suppl., p. 193, pl. xvi, figs. 6, 7. 

 1883. Strophomena, Hall. Report N. Y. State Geologist for 1882, \i\. xxxviii, figs. 1-11. 

 1887. Strophomena, Shaler. Memoirs Kentucky Geol. Survey, p. 4, pis. ii, iii. 



Diagnosis. Shells normally concavo-convex. Surface ornamented by radi- 

 ating striae, of alternating size, crossed and crenulated by finer concentric 

 striae. Cardinal margins without denticulations. Interior of the pedicle-valve 



