ORDER CARNASSIER. 435 



Exeter 'Change, be considered as an ordinary type of this 

 variety, the head and muzzle are broader and more like 

 those of the Bull-dog ; the under jaw more projecting ; the 

 ears larger, more acuminated, and blacker in this than in 

 the more ordinary breed. 



The noxious animals yield, if not to the physical, at least 

 to the intellectual powers of man, and, accordingly, their 

 decrease, either generally or locally, may be observed to ac- 

 cord with the progress of refinement in human life. The 

 Baron has, with much learning and research, accumulated 

 instances of the existence of Lions in parts where they are 

 no longer indigenous, and of their former great abundance 

 in countries where they are now but partially known. 



" It is true," says he, " that the species has disappeared 

 from a great number of places where it was formerly found, 

 and that it has diminished in an extraordinary degree 

 everywhere." 



Herodotus relates that the Camels which carried the bag- 

 gage of the army of Xerxes were attacked by Lions, in the 

 country of the Pseonians, in Macedonia ; and also, that 

 there were many Lions in the mountains between the river 

 Nestus, in Thrace, and the Archelous, which waters Arca- 

 nania. Aristotle repeats the same, as a fact, in his time. 

 Pausanias, who also relates the accident which befel the 

 Camels of Xerxes, says further, that these Lions often de- 

 scended into the plains at the foot of Olympus, between 

 Macedonia and Thessaly. 



If we except some countries between India and Persia, 

 and some parts of Arabia, Lions are now very rare in Asia. 

 Anciently they were common. Besides those of Syria, often 

 mentioned in Scripture, Armenia was pestered with them, 

 according to Oppian. Apollonius of Tyan, saw near Babylon, 

 a Lioness with eight young, and, in his time, they were com- 

 mon between the Hyphasis and the Ganges. iElian mentions 

 the Indian Lions, which were trained for the chase, remark- 



