KADAPA SEEIES. 45 



The other quartz veins to be noticed occur mostly a little south of 



Vinukonda, near the villages of Ayanavolu, Payi- 

 South of Vinukonda. -n 



dipadu, and Ravaran. At the two latter villages 



the quartz veins run due north and south. They are traceable only for 



short distances. In the extreme south of the gneissic area numerous 



large north and south veins occur in the schistose gneiss of Dukanur 



hill, about 4 miles east-south-east of Pamur. Minute veins, such as 



characterize many mica schists and kindred rocks, occur in immense 



number, especially in the southerly parts of the gneissic area, and often 



give rise to prodigious accumulations of debris, by which the whole 



surface of considerable tracts of country is almost perfectly masked. 



Such is notably the case in the tract between Pamur and the Paleru 



valley. 



No quartz veins were seen containing sulphides of iron, &c, or any 

 other indications of the presence of gold. 



Some small veins of milky- white quartz traversing the garnetiferous 

 hornblendic and micaceous schists east of Bianapalle (on the banks and 

 in the bed of the little Makeru river, which rises among the southern 

 spurs of the Podile mountain) are wonderfully charged with minute 

 dodecahedrons of brownish-red garnet. 



CHAPTER III.— THE KADAPA SERIES. 



Assuming the numerous quartzite beds occurring within the gneissic 

 area to be really members of that older metamorphic series, the 

 newer or Kadapa series is but very slightly represented within our 

 present limits, and only in the shape of a few patches, mostly outliers, 

 four of which only require special notice, having already been partially 

 dealt with in my notes 1 included in and appended to Mr. King's memoir 

 on the Kadapa and Karnul series. 



1 Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. VIII, pp. 218 & 293. 



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