M EOOTE : GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE ESATEEN COAST. 



Three miles to the north-east of the river-side section, plant beds are 

 again seen in well-sections at the south end of the 



Gudlur sections. ^^ rf ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ floft 



drab micaceous shaly sandstone, with numerous fragmentary plant 

 remains in horizontal beds divided by kankar partings. Only one 

 identifiable fossil was obtained here, a small fragment of a Didyozamites. 

 A well-section north of two small ruined pagodas shows similar sandstone, 

 with shaly partings of chocolate colour containing obscure fragments of 

 plants in great abundance. The beds dip north-by-east at from 1|° to 2°. 

 From 10 to 20 feet of the plant beds are visible above the water in the 

 several wells in which they are exposed. The surface is obscured by a 

 thick deposit of kankar and lateritic gravel. Gritty mottled sandstones 

 are found under the laterite to the south-west of 

 Virapalle (Veerapully) ; they are probably of Raj- 

 mahal age. This completes the enumeration of exposures of Rajmahal 

 rocks south of the Man-eru. There is a great degree of resemblance in 

 penological and lithological characters between these beds and those seen 

 in the Alicur and Pyanur areas of the Rajmahal series west of Madras, 1 

 the predominant feature in both cases being the soft and unconsolidated 

 condition of the greater part of the constituent deposits. 



To the northward of this river the first inlier of plant beds is met 

 North of Man-eru. w ^ n a ^ Kalamalla (Calamulla) , but it is a very 

 Kalamalla sectio small and unimportant one. The beds seen in the 



north bank and bed of the river consist of drab and greyish-brown 

 sandstones of moderate hardness, occupying a nearly horizontal posi- 

 tion. The dip, if there be any, is slightly southerly. No fossils were 

 found, but the lithological resemblance to the more southern beds and 

 the geographical position justifies the conclusion that the Kalamulla beds 

 are equally of Rajmahal age. 



Friable micaceous sandstones of reddish-brown and grey-drab colours 



form a miniature cliff 5' 7" high on the south bank 

 Polenanepalem section. 



of the large nulla at Polenanepalem, 7 miles 



1 See Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Vol, X. 

 ( 54 ) 



