UPPER GONDWANA SERIES. 67 



^The" et cetera includes at least three more undetermined plants of whose 

 botanical affinities I was in doubt, but could obtain no solution from 

 the books of reference at my command. The stalk-like remains also 

 probably include several species yet to be determined, as they show 

 considerable variety of marking and branching. 



Though similar in general appearance to the Vemavaram beds, the 



Uppu Gundur beds differ in being generally very 

 Uppu Gundur beds. . 



. poor in fossils. The most important fossils found 



here were a few Ammonites of small size, but unfortunately they are 

 too much crushed for specific determination. Owing to the great sheet 

 of cotton-soil between the two hillocks, the real relationship between the 

 several beds composing them cannot be determined positively, but the 

 probability is, the Uppu Gundur beds overlie the Vemavaram shales. 

 As before mentioned (page 64), the coarse flaggy ammonitiferous shale 

 exposed in small quarries between the two hillocks must be looked upon 

 as a southern extension of the Kazpudi flaggy beds. The beds on the 

 hill are in parts horizontal ; to the north-east and east they dip corres- 

 pondingly, and they also make a slight roll to the west. They are more 

 massive than the beds on Vemavaram ridge. 



To the west of Vemavaram ridge, cotton-soil covers everything 

 thickly, till the ground rises again beyond the old Madras-Guntur road. 



Barely perceptible traces of the plant-beds are seen eastward of 



Kallagumta. A little gritty sandstone is seen at 

 Shales at Pyindipad. . 



Kistarazpalem, but at Pyindipad sandy shales and 



friable sandstones are cut through in several well-sections. No fossils 



were seen in these beds, which are underlaid to the north-westward by 



brown gritty sandstones, which show close to the boundary of the gneiss, 



on which they doubtless rest. 



South of Pyindipad tank is a band of hard gritty sandstone extend- 



Annavallawarpalem ^ n S f rom the eas t end of the Annavallawarpalem 



sandstones and clays. tank nort h-eastward nearly to Kistarazpalem. 



No fossils were seen in this sandstone, which is of varying colours, ranging 



( 67 ) 



