70 FOOTE : GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE EASTERN COAST. 



f 5. Sandstones, gritty, calcareous, full of shells, rather 

 hard and tough when fresh. 

 4. Sandstones, shaly, friable, dark -huffy. 

 Budavada group ...•{ 3. Sandstones, hard, brown, alternating several times with 



I thin shaly beds. 



2. Sandstones, massive, hard, brown. 

 ^ 1. Sandstones, pebbly outcrop, much weathered. 

 Gneiss. 



The general dip of these beds is easterly, at varying and mostly low 

 angles. Beds Nos. 4, 5, 6, and 8 contain marine shells ; Nos. 5 and 6 

 contain plants as well, and No. 9 plants only. 



The shales No. 6 represent, I believe, the Vemavaram shales, from 

 parts of which they do not at all differ, while they have a strong re- 

 semblance to many of the shales in the Utatur patch of plant-beds in 

 Trichinopoly district. They are best seen in well-sections to the west 

 and south-west of Nakkalapalem and north-west of Pavulur. 



The shelly calcareous sandstone No. 5 is quite unlike any known 

 member of the Rajmahal series throughout India. Unfortunately, 

 what little remains of the bed is very badly exposed, and its relations 

 to the under and overlying beds are consequently obscure. Most of the 

 bed had been quarried away when I first visited Budavada ; what little 

 remains is to be seen at the western side of the village, just south of the 

 end of the main street, and in a few wells south of the village close to 

 some old indigo works. This remarkable bed was probably a drifted 

 accumulation of shells deposited in discontinuous lenticular patches of 

 limited extent. The matrix is generally gritty, but here and there 

 clayey. 



The Budavada section seems to take in the whole of the Rajmahal 

 series in this region, but owing to the great and continuous spread of 

 cotton soil, which covers the face of the country generally, parts of the 

 section are by no means clear, and I offer it with some hesitation, as other 

 observers might draw different conclusions from the data available. It is 

 constructed from the examination chiefly of a series of well-sections 

 supplemented by a few poor outcrops and small quarries. 

 ( 70 ) 



