88 EOOTE: GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE EASTERN COAST. 



the spreads which cap the low gneiss hills at and around Singaraya 

 Konda, a noted temple just off the great north road a couple of miles 

 north of the ford over the Man-eru. 



The sandy forms of the lateritic formations are specially well seen 

 to the west and south-west of Kandukur and around Pokur, 6 miles fur- 

 ther south-west. The sands, especially near the latter place, are intensely 

 red in colour and highly charged with minute pisolitic grains of impure red 

 or brown liEematitic clay, highly indurated and coated with an external 

 Shingle bed at Mala- g laze - Gravel and shingle beds, often of extreme 

 palle, &c coarseness, are very commonly met with, e.g., near 



Malapalle (Malapally), west of Singaraya Konda, near Anantasagaram, 

 west and north-west of Kandukur, at Kondasamudram (Condasamo- 

 drum), Sakavaram (Sacawarum), and Kalamalla (Calamulla), villages 

 from 8 to 10 miles south-westward of Kandukur. At some of these 

 places as Anantasagaram and Kondasamudram the shingle is partly 

 conglomerated by a lateritic cement, but at the others, and especially at 

 Malapalle, the shingle is quite loose. At Malapalle the shingle bed is 

 very remarkable for its extent, which is between 3 and 4 square miles,, 

 and for its great coarseness. It consists mainly of rolled vein quartz, 

 but contains also numerous large pebbles of gneiss and quartzite. The 

 thickness of the bed may be estimated safely at from 20 to 30 feet. In 

 many parts the name of boulders would be almost a better definition of 

 the water-worn masses than the term shingle. The ferruginous element 

 is entirely wanting here, and the prevalent colour is white. 



Much of the surface of the Kandukur area is covered by thick cotton 

 soil. The westernmost extension of the lateritics up the valley of the Pal- 

 eru shows mainly coarse shingle beds with little or no ferruginous matter. 



3. The Devagudur area. — Here the deposits, which are almost entirely 

 of gravel and shingle, are greatly obscured by cotton 



The Devagudur area. \ - 



soil, and no sections worth mention were met with. 



The ferruginous element is almost entirely wanting throughout this 



area. The shingle beds are most exposed along the northern side of the 



area between Venkanapalem and Ilavarra (Yellavurra). On the south 



( 88 ) 



