ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS. 93 



character. They must be grouped as of two great classes, marine and 

 freshwater, the marine including the brackish water sestuarine formations. 

 Marine and sestua- -But ^ ew data have been collected to show how far 

 rme alluvia. inland from the present coast line marine alluvia 



exist. The most recent information on this subject was obtained dur- 

 ing the extension of the Kommamur canal, which starts from the 

 southern end of the Bezwada anicut to meet the East Coast canal now 

 known as the Buckingham canal. The beds cut through in excavating 

 this canal in the southern part of the Bapatla taluq were largely 

 marine, as shown by numerous subfossil shells exposed. A small collec- 

 tion of these 1 shows the following species : — 



Murex, sp. 



Eburna, sp. 



Oliva, sp. 



Voluta, sp. 



Natica, sp. 



Terebralia telescopium. 



Turritella. 

 Placuna placenta. 

 Area granosa. 

 Cyprina, sp. 

 Cytlierea castanea. 



These were obtained at Santaravur, in dark grey clay associated with 

 considerable quantities of selenite crystals in large complicated macles, 

 which were found a great source of discomfort to the coolies, by cutting 

 their bare feet. The shells are mostly in excellent preservation. 



The furthest point inland at which marine beds are positively known 



Marine fossils found to occur is at ; Golabapilli in the Gudivada taluq, 



miles inland. a pkce & Httle outgide the nort hern limits of 



the map illustrating this Memoir, and lying at a distance of about 20 

 miles from the nearest point on the coast. Fossils were here obtained by 

 Mr. Peters, C. E., D. P. W. Among them were a good-sized crab, a shell 

 of the genus Mactra (?) and a branch of Nullipore. These fossils also 

 were found in a bluish-grey clay ; unfortunately no detailed information 

 concerning them had been noted, and the section from which they were 

 obtained had been filled up again. 



1 I am indebted for this collection, as well as for much courteous and kind assistance in 

 other ways, to Major (now Lieut.-Colonel) Hasted, R.E., who was Superintending Engineer 

 of the Kistna and Godavari ranges during the time I was surveying in that neighbourhood. 



( 93 ) 



