38 KING : NELLORE PORTION OF THE CARNATlC . 



quartzites in the rest of the Veligonda range. From Eiprir northwards, 

 the range runs with the strike of the beds, and is almost entirely made 

 up of tremendous thicknesses of quartzite strata, giving the more regular 

 vertically furrowed wall of this part of the mountains of which Penchala- 

 konda is one of the highest points. To the north of the Penner the Veli- 

 gondas are still mainly of quartzite strata, but with many bands of 

 slaty beds. 



Except in the case of the southern end of the Kambak Droog, these 

 masses of transition strata, however lofty they 



Relation to the gneiss. n , , , , 



may be, are always cut or denuded down to the 

 average level of the gneiss floor, but to the north of the Penner, as in the 

 Udayagiri Yerakonda and Dargadevi Konda, the quartzites are capping 

 the gneiss either at a lofty elevation (3,000 feet), or on the long slope of 

 the hills, and so forming a back on the gneiss mass. In fact, for this 

 part of the field at least, there are, in these hills, unmistakable bottom 

 beds at fully 2,000 feet above the level of the junction of the gneiss and 

 sub-metamorphic rocks a few miles to the westward. The Udayagiri 

 outlier is the only perfectly natural one in the district, lying, as it does, 

 with clean cut cliffy edges, on a denuded floor of gneiss ; and the Kambak 

 Droog is the next most perfect. In all other cases the boundaries of the 

 transition rocks are ill-defined with the strata dipping at high angles or 

 faulted against the adjacent rocks. 



So far there is no doubt as to the rocks being of the Cuddapah form- 

 Obscure members of ation, and their lie presents little difficulty to the 

 e senes * observer, but other patches and outlying strips of 



quartzites are met with, which are so altered in their character and 

 appearance, and so placed in relation to the older crystallines, or so un- 

 usually situated themselves, as to have rendered the ranging of them in 

 their proper series a matter of considerable perplexity and difficulty. 

 These may be best considered under the headings of the Pillameru, 

 Kandra, and Gelacapad-Kaluvaya areas, and also in this order starting 

 from the Kambak and Kalahasti ranges, from which the first is only 

 separated by a short interval of river deposits. 



In Kambak Droog the lie of the strata is in accordance with its 

 ( 146 ) 



