UPPER GONDWANAS. 17 



The Glosmpieris seam is a fine sandy and clayey fawn-coloured rock, 

 laminated and much easier broken up than the seam below. The Verte- 

 hraricB are matted together but not very thickly, in the upper portion of 

 the seam (a) which is very hard and splintery. Indeed, I had to leave 

 some very fine examples of branched Vertehraria which could not be o-ot 

 out in any size without the rock splitting up into small fragments. The 

 suggestion, I think, of Dr. Oldham, that the Vertehraria may be the root 

 of some other plant, seems to gain some confirmation here through this 

 association of them in this matted condition immediately below the 

 Glossojpterls bed. 



CHAPTER III.— UPPER GONDWANAS. 



The representatives of this series form the greater width of the low 

 rather flat ranges of hills, with north-westerly escarpments, to the north 

 of Ellore, extending with an east-north-east strike from Maleli to the 

 right bank of the Godavari, near Thallapudi. Beyond this break at the 

 riverside no further traces of them are seen until the village of Jag- 

 gampet, on the high road from Rajahmundry to Vizagapatam, is reached, 

 and then the series is only represented by a chain of outliers belonging 

 to its higher group. 



In the Ellore area the series consists of three groups, two of sand- 

 stones and an intermediate one of shales, which 

 are exposed with more or less clearness on the 

 slopes and scarps of the hills, the lower group forming a sort of 

 foot or toe and the upper a low scarp and capping which slopes very 

 gently down towards the alluvial plains. The groups are thus in 

 tolerably conformable lie, with a low dip of from 5° to 10° or 15° 

 south-eastward. 



The lower group is nearly continuous in its strike from Maleli, 16 

 miles west of Ellore, to within 5 miles of the 



Extent and association. 



Godavari bank; the middle one has only about a 

 b ( 211 ) 



