TJPJPEIt GONDWANAS. 21 



For nearly the whole outcrop there is a tolerably persistent form of 

 Persistent form of bottom beds, namely, a very hard, compact, some- 

 ottom beds. times semi- vitreous or again jaspideous, red ferru- 



ginous clayey sandstone, grit, or conglomerate. The sandy and gritty 

 particles are frequently of clear glassy quartz, and sometimes, when the 

 rock is vitreous or jaspery, these are scattered through a kind of paste 

 and give the rock a semi-igneous look like a dark-red quartz porphyry. 

 This jaspery or vitreous form is well seen in the low scarps of the 

 Nuzvid area to the south of Somavaram, or at Ramakapeta; or, again, 

 it is common some 12 miles eastward of the Ellore area to the south of 

 Kunlacheru there capping the two outlying hills, called ( guts' and the 

 scarps behind them. Further east of this, as below Tripati and the Raga- 

 vapuram outlier, the group is represented by coarser dark-brown con- 

 glomerates and grits, still hard and vitreous, but not so clayey or jaspery. 



At the Nuzvid end, the western boundary between Ravacherla and 



Somavaram is, in part, faulted or crushed against 

 Lie. 



the gneiss; the beds being curved and sharply 



tilted up along this line, especially opposite Raniakapetta., while they 

 are also much jaspidified and infiltrated with quartz. The lie of the 

 strata at Ravacherla is, however, quite easy, at least to within a short dis- 

 tance of the gneiss, the contact being covered up by debris ; but if there 

 be no fault here, then the lower heavy conglomerates and hard jaspery 

 clayey sandstones are overlapped by the higher beds containing the plant 

 remains. The more reasonable supposition is, that faulting has extended 

 along here, and that higher strata have thus been brought directly along- 

 side the gneiss. At the same time, the boundary is not faulted for its 

 whole length, some outcrops not being squeezed or altered in any way, 

 for instance, it is quite natural just south of Nuzvid, where the gneiss is 

 covered by easy-lying beds. 



At a very short distance from the western edge, the strata become 



nearly flat again and dip easily under fine mica- 

 Succession of strata. 



ceous sandstones, which occur m good force in the 



small group of flat-topped hills to the south of Akreddigudem. These 



( -215 ) 



