UPPER GONDWANAS. 



27 



in length and a quarter of an inch broad, tapering slightly from 

 one end to the other, having very narrow closely-packed folds or plica- 

 tions transverse to their length, about which folds numerous f oraminifera 

 are impacted. 



There is no enclosing case to these bodies, and from their form they 

 appear to me to be of the nature of excrementitious discharges of some 

 animal. 



The succession of strata, exposed on the north side of the outlying 

 hill near Ragavapiiram, is as follows : — 



At the bottom of the slope and some distance out from it, the under- 

 lying dark-brown and nearly black ferruginous 

 Order of strata. 



sandstones and conglomerates of the Grollapili 



group form a narrow terrace. Then all is obscured by the debris from 



the shales and sandstones of the hill for a good width ; indeed I do not 



think the junction is anywhere clearly exposed along the foot of the 



whole range of these low hills. 



Good measurements could not be made on such broken slopes, the 



local slipping having been very strong on this hill- 

 Thick bands of shales. . 



side, but the following approximate thicknesses 



are given. The lower half (about 60 feet) of the hill is of fine white and 

 buff shales, which towards the top become coarser and more sandy. At 

 40 feet there is a fossiliferous zone about 6 feet thick, with greenish- 

 yellow sandy seams containing the smaller of the two Amm.onites and 

 nearly all the other shells named. 



A tolerably persistent seam, about 1 foot thick, of hard sandstone 

 succeeds the 60 feet of shales, and over this come reddish and brownish 

 sandy shales, with Ptilophyllum, &c, Tellina, and the larger Ammonite, for 

 about 3 feet. 



Next come about 53 feet of pale (brown weathering) very fine sandy 

 shales, which again towards the top become coarser, more sandy and 

 rough to the touch, with purple spots and blotches, in the middle of 

 which are occasional Ledas, Pectens and the tubiform bodies with fora- 

 minifera. 



( 221 ) 



