CTJDDALORE SANDSTONES. 55 



They form four patches of slightly-elevated and somewhat hilly 

 ground on the edge of the deltaic alluviums, which may be considered 

 Extent and mode of under the names of the Rajahmundry-Samalkot, 

 occurrence. the p ungadij the p en tl U m (further to the south- 



west), and the Dudugut (south of Ellorej patches being separated from 

 one another by the Godavari, Yera-kalwa, and Tammiler rivers. 



Each of these patches rises gently to the north in low plateau form, 

 seldom attaining an elevation of more than 250 feet above the sea. In the 

 larger area, or that of Rajahmundry-Samalkot, there are a few small 

 flat-topped hills in the interior, as to the north-west of the latter town, 

 along the northern edge, and again at the western end where the 

 sandstones face the Godavari in some low scarped hills and plateaus 

 which" run down to the river bank in low spurs at Rajahmundry and 

 Dowlaishweram. The hills near the latter place have been long known 

 for their stone, which was quarried and run down into the river for the 

 great anicut or dam which here stretches from bank to bank (with an 

 intermediate ' lanka ' or island) for a length of more than 2 miles across 

 the river. 



The general succession of beds in the main areas is, lowest, exceed- 

 ingly coarse and harsh red and pinkish hard conglo- 

 Succession and lithology. 



merates and sandstones, felspathic, such as may be 



seen in the river face of the town of Rajahmundry, and away north-east 

 towards Kate'ru or along the road to Vizagapatam. In this latter direc- 

 tion, the ground is covered to such an extent with the coarse gravel and 

 debris of these beds, that clearings had to be made for the few good 

 riding grounds in the neighbourhood. Several wells have been sunk 

 through these sandstones, gravels, and heavy conglomerates, as at the 

 Central Jail, on the northern edge of outcrop, the deepest of which is 

 91 feet, but without piercing the series ; so that there are at least 100 feet 

 of these coarse beds over the traps of Kateru. 



Over these coarse beds come yellow-brown and reddish friable clayey 

 sands with, uppermost, white (purple mottled) and red soapy clays, 

 rather hard and much given to breaking up in irregular fragments. 



( 249 ) 



